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ارزیابی جامع چرخه حیات فرش دستباف و آثار محیط‌ زیستی آن: مطالعه موردی استان فارس Comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis of Handwoven Carpets and Its Environmental Impact: A Case Study of Fars Province Carpets 1 1 پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی پایداری محیط‌زیستی صنعت فرش دستباف استان فارس، با استفاده از روش‌شناسی ارزیابی چرخه حیات  با رویکرد از گهواره تا گور و مدل‌سازی در نرم‌افزار SimaPro انجام شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که فاز تولید با سهم 60 درصدی از کل پیامدها، نقطه داغ اصلی این چرخه محسوب می‌شود. اگرچه این محصول با انتشار تنها 8 کیلوگرم CO2-eq به ازای هر مترمربع، از مزیت کربنی بالایی نسبت به نمونه‌های ماشینی برخوردار است، اما اتکا به روش‌های سنتی رنگرزی و فقدان مدیریت پساب، شاخص سمیت انسانی را به سطح نگران‌کننده 2/2 کیلوگرم معادل ۱و۴-دی‌کلروبنزن (kg 1,4-DCB eq) می‌رساند. افزون بر این، مصرف آب معادل 100 لیتر بر مترمربع و نرخ دفن 60 درصدی ضایعات، حاکی از بهره‌وری پایین منابع و غلبه اقتصاد خطی بر این صنعت است. در نتیجه، دستیابی به پایداری جامع مستلزم گذار از تولید سنتی متکی بر طبیعت به مدیریت مهندسی‌شده و سبز است؛ هدفی که از طریق جایگزینی رنگزاهای سازگار با محیط‌زیست، استقرار سیستم‌های تصفیه پساب و پیاده‌سازی سیاست مسئولیت توسعه‌یافته تولیدکننده (EPR) برای مدیریت بهینه ضایعات محقق خواهد شد. 2 The current study evaluates the environmental sustainability of the hand-woven carpet industry in Fars province using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with a cradle-to-grave approach, modeled in SimaPro software. Results show that the production phase accounts for 60% of total environmental impacts, making it the primary hotspot. Although the product emits only 888 kg CO2-eq per square meter—showing a significant carbon advantage over machine-made alternatives—reliance on traditional dyeing methods and lack of wastewater management have increased human toxicity to 2.2 kg 1,4-DCB eq. Additionally, water consumption reaches 100 liters per square meter, and with 60% of waste landfilled, resource efficiency is low, reflecting a linear economic model. To achieve sustainability, a shift from traditional, nature-dependent production toward eco-friendly, engineered management is essential. This can be accomplished by replacing conventional dyes with eco-friendly alternatives, establishing wastewater treatment systems, and implementing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policies for better waste management. These measures can help reduce environmental impacts, promote resource efficiency, and support a more sustainable industry in Fars province. 1 24 2025/10/28 1404/8/6 2026/01/19 1404/10/29 سعیده رفیعی Saeedeh Rafiei گروه فرش، دانشکده هنرهای صناعی، دانشگاه هنر شیراز، شیراز، ایران. ایران s_rafiei@shirazartu.ac.ir Comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis Circular Economy Water Consumption Energy Consumption Carpets Fars Province تحلیل جامع چرخه حیات اقتصاد چرخشی مصرف آب مصرف انرژی فرش استان فارس 1. Arify, M. 2023.The role of carpet weaving women in the rural economy of Afghanistan, Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(5): 59–71. ##2. Allwood, J.M., Laursen, S.E., de Rodriguez, C.M. and Bocken, N.M. 2006) Well dressed? The present and future sustainability of clothing and textiles in the United Kingdom. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, Institute for Manufacturing.##3. Al-Salem, S.M., Lettieri, P. and Baeyens, J. 2009. 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پویایی عناصر غذایی لاشبرگ بلوط وی ول (.Quercus libani Oliv)تحت تاثیر گلازنی طی دو زمان مختلف در جنگل های بانه Nutrient Dynamics of Lebanon Oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) Leaf Litter Affected by Pollarding at Two Different Times in Forests of Baneh 1 1 گلازنی در جنگل می تواند بر کمیت و پویایی عناصر غذایی لاشبرگ در طی زمان اثر به جای بگذارد. هدف این پژوهش، مقایسه اثر گلازنی بر ویژگی های شیمیایی لاشبرگ بلوط پس از خزان و نه ماه  بعد بود. به این منظور، یک توده جنگلی کمتر دست خورده (آرامگاه جنگلی) و در مجاورت آن یک گلاجار واقع در روستای مجسه شهرستان بانه انتخاب گردید. در هر توده، 10 قطعه نمونه‌ 4 در4 متر انتخاب و نمونه های لاشبرگ، در آبان ماه و در همان قطعات نمونه در تیر ماه سال بعد برداشت شدند. در مجموع 40 نمونه لاشبرگ تهیه وخصوصیات شیمیایی شامل کربن، نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم pH، EC، نسبت C/N و C/P اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد لاشبرگ های آرامگاه در ابتدای خزان در مقایسه با گلاجار از کیفیت بالاتری برخودار بود که مقدار بالاتر کربن، نیتروژن، پتاسیم و مقدار کمتر نسبت C/N بیانگر آن بود. همچنین در طی زمان، سرعت تجزیه در لاشبرگ های آرامگاه سریع تر از گلاجار بود. به طور کلی می توان گفت با گلازنی و کاهش حجم برگ در فصل رویش و همچنین کاهش لاشبرگ در فصل خزان، شرایط خرد اقیلم در زیر درختان تحت تاثیر قرار گرفته و باعث کاهش کیفیت لاشبرگ ها و پایین آمدن سرعت بازگشت عناصر غذایی به خاک می شود. 2 Pollarding in forest can affect quantity and dynamics of leaf litter nutrients over time. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pollarding on the chemical properties of the oak leaf litter after fall and nine months later. A  sacred grove (less disturbed forest) stand  and a nearby pollarded forest stand (Gallajar) located in the Madjese in Baneh County, were selected. In each stand, ten plots 4×4 meters, were established and leaf litters were collected after leaf fall and nine months later in November of 2022 and July 2023 respectively. Totally, 40 leaf litter samples were collected. The measured chemical properties included carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, EC, C/N and C/P ratios. The results indicated that the leaf litter of sacred grove had higher quality than the Gallajar stand at the beginning of autumn, as indicated by the higher concentration of carbon, nitrogen, and potassium, as well as a lower C/N ratio. Additionally, the rate of litter decomposition in the sacred grove was faster than the Gallajar stand. In general, pollarding affected understory microclimate conditions through the reduction of leaves and litter input. Consequently, litter quality declined, and rate of nutrient return to the soil decreased.  25 38 2025/10/282025/08/27 1404/6/5 2026/01/192026/01/31 1404/11/11 وحید حسینی Vahid Hosseini گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان کردستان و مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگلداری زاگرس شمالی دکتر هدایت غضنفری، سنندج، ایران. ایران v.hosseini@uok.ac.ir کیومرث محمدی سمانی Kyomars Mohammadi Samani گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان و مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگلداری زاگرس شمالی دکتر هدایت غضنفری، سنندج، ایران. ایران k.mohammadi@uok.ac.ir فائزه مرادی Faezeh Moradi گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، ایران. ایران mfaezeh278@gmail.com C/N Ratio Lebanon oak Litter quality Pollarding Northern Zagros. بلوط وی ول زاگرس شمالی کیفیت لاشبرگ گلازنی نسبت کربن به نیتروژن 1- Anonymous. 2023. 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پاسخ مورفولوژیکی و ساختاری ریشه نهال ارغوان (.Cercis siliquastrum L) به عملکرد قارچ Glomus mosseae و نانولوله‌های کربنی‌چنددیواره در شرایط تنش خشکی Morphological and Structural Root Responses of Cercis siliquastrum L. Seedlings to Performance of Glomus mosseae and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Under Drought Stress 1 1 تنش خشکی، عامل اصلی محدودکننده استقرار نهال‌های چوبی در اکوسیستم‌های نیمه‌خشک زاگرس است که با کاهش کارایی ریشه، موفقیت برنامه‌های احیایی را تهدید می‌کند. این پژوهش برای نخستین بار، اثرات ترکیبی قارچ میکوریزیGlomus mosseae نانولوله‌های‌کربنی چنددیواره (MWCNTs) بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و ساختاری ریشه نهال‌های ارغوان (Cercis siliquastrum L.) را تحت تنش خشکی بررسی کرد. تیمارها در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با ساختار فاکتوریل ۳×۲×۳ و سه تکرار برای هر سلول آزمایشی شامل سه سطح تنش خشکی (۱۰۰، ۶۰ و ۲۰ درصد ظرفیت زراعی)، دو سطح قارچ (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح) و سه سطح MWCNTs (۰، ۵۰ و ۱۰۰ mg L⁻¹) اجرا شدند.  برهم‌کنش‌های تنش× قارچ بر قطر و تراکم بافت ریشه و تنش‌× قارچ×  MWCNTsبر تراکم بافت ریشه (0/01P<) معنی‌دار بود. در تنش‌ شدید (۲۰ %) حجم ۷۱%، وزن‌تر ۶۸%، وزن خشک ۶۵% و طول ریشه ۲۶٪ کاهش یافت. تلقیح قارچ، افزایش 49‌% حجم، ۴۸‌% وزن تر، ۳۹‌% وزن خشک و ۱۶‌% طول ریشه ایجاد کرد. MWCNTs  در غلظت mg L⁻¹100 نیز ۵۲ % وزن خشک، ۳۸ % وزن تر، ۲۷‌% حجم و ۲۱‌% طول ریشه را بهبود بخشید. به طور کلی، کاربرد همزمان قارچ میکوریزی و MWCNTs با افزایش کارایی جذب ریشه، رشد نهال‌های ارغوان را تحت تنش خشکی ارتقا داد و به عنوان راهبرد نوین هم‌افزا، پتانسیل بالایی برای احیای جنگل‌های زاگرس دارد.   2 Drought stress is the primary limiting factor for establishing woody seedlings in semi-arid Zagros ecosystems, reducing root efficiency and threatening restoration success. This study examined the combined effects of Glomus mosseae and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the root morphological and structural traits of Cercis siliquastrum seedlings under drought conditions. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3×2×3 factorial structure and three replications per treatment combination, including three drought levels (100%, 60%, 20% FC), two fungus levels (inoculated/uninoculated), and three MWCNT levels (0, 50, 100 mg L⁻¹). Significant interactions (p<0.01) were observed for stress × fungus on root tissue diameter and density, and for stress × fungus × MWCNTs on root tissue density. Under severe stress (20%), root volume, fresh weight, dry weight, and length decreased by 71%, 68%, 65%, and 26%, respectively. Fungal inoculation increased these parameters: volume (49%), fresh weight (48%), dry weight (39%), and length (16%). MWCNTs at 100 mg L⁻¹ improved dry weight (52%), fresh weight (38%), volume (27%), and length (21%). The combined application of fungus and MWCNTs enhanced seedling growth by improving root uptake efficiency, offering a promising strategy for Zagros forest restoration under drought conditions. 39 55 2025/10/282025/08/272025/11/29 1404/9/8 2026/01/192026/01/312026/02/7 1404/11/18 افروز هواسی Afrooz Havasi علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. ایران afroozhavasi@yahoo.com جعفر حسین زاده Jaafar Hosseinzadeh گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. ایران j.hoseinzadeh@ilam.ac.ir مهدی حیدری Mehdi Heydari گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. ایران m.heydari@yahoo.com جواد میرزایی Javad Mirzaei گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. ایران mirzaei.javad@gmail.com Root tissue density Root volume Specific root volume Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). تراکم بافت ریشه حجم ریشه نانوفناوری زیستی معماری سیستم ریشه‌ تحمل به کم‌آبی. 1. Abdelhameed, R. E., Gahin, H., and Metwally, R. A., 2025. 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ارزیابی سطح تعارضات بین جوامع محلی و گونه بیگانه مهاجم نوتریا (Myocastor coypus) در شمال غرب ‌ایران Assessing the Level of Conflicts Between Local Communities and The Invasive Species Nutria (Myocastor coypus) in Northwest Iran 1 1 هدف این پژوهش، شناخت نگرش جوامع محلی نسبت به گونه مهاجم نوتریا (Myocastor coypus) در گستره حضور آن در شمال غرب ایران بود. به این منظور، با ۳۱۰ نفر از ساکنان استان‌های آذربایجان غربی، آذربایجان شرقی، اردبیل و گیلان به‌طور تصادفی مصاحبه حضوری انجام شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند اگر چه فقط 8/1 درصد مصاحبه‌شوندگان خسارت مستقیم نوتریا به محصولات خود را گزارش کردند، اما بخش قابل‌توجهی از شرکت‌کنندگان، این گونه را تهدیدی مهم برای منطقه دانسته و حذف آن را راهکاری مؤثر برای کنترل جمعیت پذیرفتند. تحلیل رگرسیون لجستیک نشان داد افراد با تحصیلات بالاتر و وابستگی اقتصادی بیشتر به فعالیت‌های کشاورزی، نوتریا را تهدید جدی‌تری می‌دانند. علاوه بر این، افرادی که تجربه خسارت داشتند، به شدت آن را تهدیدی برای امنیت غذایی و محیط زیست ارزیابی کردند. مساحتی حدود ۷۷۰۰ کیلومترمربع از منطقه مورد مطالعه به عنوان کانون تعارض نوتریا با سرمایه‌های انسانی برآورد شد، که نزدیک به نه درصد آن با مناطق حفاظت شده هم‌پوشی دارد. توصیه می‌شود در مدیریت تعارض با نوتریا، علاوه بر مداخلات فنی، بر آموزش، مشارکت اجتماعی و لحاظ کردن زمینه‌های اقتصادی-اجتماعی جوامع محلی در طراحی راهکارها تمرکز شود تا هم اثربخشی زیستی و هم پذیرش اجتماعی تضمین گردد. 2 This study aimed to assess the attitudes and perceptions of local communities towards the invasive nutria (Myocastor coypus) across its distribution range in northwestern Iran. For this purpose, 310 local residents from west Azerbaijan, east Azerbaijan, Ardabil, and Gilan provinces were randomly selected for face-to-face interviews. The findings revealed that although only 8.1% of respondents reported direct damage to their agricultural crops, a considerable proportion of participants considered the nutria a major threat to the region and accepted culling as an effective population control strategy. Logistic regression analysis indicated that individuals with higher education levels and greater economic dependence on agriculture were more likely to perceive nutria as a serious threat. Moreover, those with prior experience of damage strongly viewed the species as a risk to both food security and the environment. Approximately 7700 km² of the study area was identified as a conflict hotspot, of which nearly 9% overlaps with protected areas. It is recommended that in managing nutria-related conflicts, beyond technical interventions, efforts should focus on education, community participation, and integrating the socio-economic context of local communities into the design of management strategies. This integrated approach is essential to ensure both ecological effectiveness and social acceptance 57 71 2025/10/282025/08/272025/11/292025/12/3 1404/9/12 2026/01/192026/01/312026/02/72026/02/8 1404/11/19 محمدرضا اشرف زاده Mohammad Reza Ashrafzadeh گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران. ایران mrashrafzadeh@sku.ac.ir سید شایان جزایری Seyed Shayan Jazayeri گروه مدیریت و حفاظت تنوع زیستی، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران. ایران shayan.jazayeri@gmail.com علیرضا محمدی Ali Reza Mohammadi گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، ایران. ایران armohammadi1989@gmail.com علی اصغر نقی پور Ali Asghar Naghipour گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران. ایران aa.naghipour@sku.ac.ir Nutria Biological invasion Conflict Local communities Invasive species management. نوتریا تهاجم زیستی تعارض جوامع محلی مدیریت گونه‌های مهاجم. 1. Adhikari, P., Kim, B. J., Hong, S. H. and Lee, D. 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تحلیل فضایی عرضه، تقاضا و جریان خدمات فرهنگی مرتبط با آموزش محیط‌زیست در شهرستان ملایر Spatial Analysis of the Supply, Demand, and Flow of Cultural Ecosystem Services Related to Environmental Education in Malayer County 1 1 آموزش محیط زیست به‌عنوان یک خدمت اکوسیستمی فرهنگی، سهم طبیعت در تولید و تبادل دانش محیط‌زیستی تعریف می‌شود. در این مطالعه، خدمت آموزش غیررسمی محیط‌زیست در شهرستان ملایر با استفاده از پنج معیار بصری و اکولوژیکی (کاربری زمین، تنوع پوشش‌گیاهی، تنوع ارتفاعی، وجود مناطق حفاظت‌شده و دسترسی) با روش‌های تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره، بر اساس نظرات کارشناسان و منابع علمی مدل‌سازی شده است. برای ارزیابی تقاضا، نقشه توزیع جمعیت بر اساس داده‌های سرشماری 1395 تولید و نقشه جریان خدمات آموزش محیط‌زیست با استفاده از روش همه‌جهته و در محیط GIS تهیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنوع پوشش‌گیاهی بیشترین اهمیت را در میان معیارها دارد (0/41) و مناطق حفاظت‌شده به‌دلیل تنوع ارتفاعی و پوشش گیاهی بهتر، بیشترین سهم را در ارائه این خدمت دارند. همچنین مقایسه عرضه و تقاضای آموزش محیط‌زیست نشان می‌دهد در مناطق مرکزی، که پوشش‌گیاهی نسبتاً کمتر و تراکم جمعیتی نیز بالاتر است، تطابق منفی دیده می‌شود که این عدد در مناطق شهری به 0/86- می‌رسد.  همچنین نواحی شرقی و جنوب‌شرقی شهرستان بیشترین میزان جریان این خدمت را دارا هستند. تنوع پوشش گیاهی و وجود مناطق حفاظت‌شده، اهمیت آموزش محیط‌زیست در این مناطق را دوچندان می‌کند، زیرا کمبود دانش محیط زیستی می‌تواند به منابع طبیعی آسیب جدی وارد کند. 2 Environmental education, as a cultural ecosystem service, reflects the capacity of natural environments to support learning, awareness, and knowledge transfer. This study aims to spatially model informal environmental education services in Malayer County using five criteria: land use, vegetation diversity, elevation diversity, protected areas, and accessibility. Multi-criteria decision-making methods, based on expert judgment and scientific literature, were applied. A population distribution map was created using 2016 census data to assess demand. The spatial flow of environmental education services was modeled with an omnidirectional flow method within a GIS environment. Results indicate that vegetation diversity is the most influential criterion (0.41), while protected areas significantly contribute due to greater altitudinal heterogeneity and richer vegetation. Comparing service supply and demand reveals a spatial mismatch in central areas, where high population density and limited vegetation lead to negative service flow values, reaching −0.86 in urban zones. Conversely, the eastern and southeastern regions exhibit higher service flow. These findings underscore the importance of diverse vegetation and protected areas in enhancing environmental education services and highlight the need to promote environmental awareness to prevent natural resource degradation. 73 89 2025/10/282025/08/272025/11/292025/12/32025/09/20 1404/6/29 2026/01/192026/01/312026/02/72026/02/82026/02/25 1404/12/6 الهه خانقلی Elaheh Khangholi علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. ایران elaheh.khangholi@gmail.com کامران شایسته Kamran Shayesteh گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. ایران ka_shayesteh@yahoo.com محمدرضا گیلی MohammadReza Gili گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. ایران environment.rs.gis@gmail.com بهناز عطائیان Behnaz Ataeian گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. ایران attaeian94@gmail.com Mismatch Vegetation Cover Diversity Geographic Information System Cultural Services. عدم تطابق پوشش‌گیاهی تنوع سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی خدمات فرهنگی 1. 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تحلیل بوم‌شناختی و مدل‌سازی مطلوبیت رویشگاه گونه دارویی آویشن کوهی (Thymus kotschyanus) در حوزه آبخیز طالقان با استفاده از مدل آنتروپی بیشینه (Maxent) Ecological Analysis and Habitat Suitability Modeling of the Medicinal Plant Thymus kotschyanus in the Taleghan Watershed Using the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) Model 1 1 هدف این پژوهش تحلیل بوم‌شناختی و مدل‌سازی مطلوبیت رویشگاه گونه دارویی Thymus kotschyanus در حوزه آبخیز طالقان با استفاده از مدل آنتروپی بیشینه (Maxent) بود. تعداد 48 نقطه حضور گونه پس از اعمال فرایند پالایش مکانی به‌منظور کاهش سوگیری نمونه‌برداری در مدل استفاده شد. متغیرهای محیطی شامل عوامل توپوگرافی (ارتفاع، شیب و جهت)، ویژگی‌های خاک، اقلیم و زمین‌شناسی تهیه و کلیه لایه‌ها به قدرت تفکیک مکانی 30×30 متر هم‌مقیاس‌سازی شدند. داده‌های اقلیمی بر اساس میانگین بلندمدت 30 ساله استخراج و دقت درون‌یابی با شاخص‌های ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا و ضریب تعیین ارزیابی شد. مدل با ترکیب ویژگی‌های خطی، درجه دوم و لولا، ضریب منظم‌سازی برابر 1، تعداد 10 تکرار و روش اعتبارسنجی متقابل اجرا گردید. عملکرد مدل خوب ارزیابی شد (سطح زیر منحنی = 0/844) و ضریب کاپا برابر 0/87 به‌دست آمد. آستانه بهینه 43/.0 تعیین شد (حساسیت = 0/81، ویژگی = 0/78). بر اساس شاخص‌های درصد مشارکت و اهمیت جایگشتی، جهت، ارتفاع، رس و ماده آلی بیشترین تأثیر را در پراکنش گونه داشتند. نتایج بیانگر اهمیت عوامل توپوگرافی و ادافیکی در تعیین مطلوبیت رویشگاه گونه در مقیاس حوزه آبخیز است. 2 The aim of this study was to conduct an ecological analysis and habitat suitability modeling of the medicinal plant Thymus kotschyanus in the Taleghan watershed using the Maxent model. A total of 48 occurrence points were spatially thinned to reduce sampling bias. Environmental variables, including topography (elevation, slope, aspect), soil properties, climate, and geology, were prepared and resampled to a common resolution of 30 × 30 m. Climatic data were based on 30-year averages, with interpolation accuracy evaluated using RMSE and R². The model was run using LQH feature classes, a regularization multiplier of 1, with 10 replicates and cross-validation. It performed well (AUC = 0.844, Kappa = 0.87). The optimal threshold was 0.43, with sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.78. Aspect, elevation, clay content, and soil organic matter were the most influential variables. 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