بررسی وضعیت اکولوژیک مصب رودخانه تجن با استفاده از شاخص نایگارد – پالمر Investigating the Ecological Condition of the Tajen River Estuary Using the Nygaard-Palmer Index 1 1 چکیده اغلب بوم سازگان های آبی دنیا در‌حال از دست‌دادن درصد قابل‌توجهی از خدمات‌اکولوژیک خود می باشند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی وضعیت‌اکولوژیک مصب رودخانه‌تجن با استفاده از شاخص نایگارد– پالمر در شش ایستگاه و دو فصل سرد و گرم انجام و نتایج منجر به شناسایی32 جنس متعلق‌به27 راسته و هشت رده از فیتوپلانکتون ها گردید. این پلانکتون‌ها به پنج شاخه Ochrophyta، Chlorophyta، Cyanophyta، Euglenophyta و Pyrrophyta تعلق‌داشته و از رده های Bacillariophyceae، Cyanophyta، Chlorophyta، Euglenophyta، Pyrrophyta هستند. بیشترین تعداد جنس های فیتوپلانکتونی شناسایی شده متعلق به ردهBacillariophyceae بوده و 13جنس‌مقاوم به آلودگی شناسایی شد. نتایج نشان‌داد وضعیت‌اکولوژیک مصب‌تجن بر اساس شاخص نایگارد– پالمر مطلوب نیست به‌طوری که شاخص‌وضعیت در هر دو فصل گرم و سرد، بسیارآلوده و بیش‌از20 محاسبه‌شد. نتایج بررسی های میدانی نیز نشان داد، مصب‌ رودخانه تجن متاثر از مخاطرات محیط‌زیستی متنوعی در دو مقیاس محلی و حوضه‌آبریز است. این مخاطرات سبب ایجاد شرایط نامطلوب در این زیستگاه‌‌ شده، درنتیجه گونه‌های جلبکی در مصب‌تجن به‌سمت گونه¬های مقاوم‌تر به‌آلودگی تغییر یافته است. در مجموع می¬توان این شاخص را برای ارزیابی زیستی و اکولوژیکی سایر مصب ها در حوضه جنوبی دریای خزر توصیه نمود و برای کاهش عدم‌قطعیت از شاخص های مناسب دیگر، به صورت مکمل، استفاده‌کرد. 2 Most of the world's aquatic ecosystems are experiencing a substantial decline in their ecological services. This research was conducted to investigate the ecological condition of the Tajen estuary using the Nygaard-Palmer index at six stations during both cold and warm seasons. The results led to the identification of 32 genera belonging to 27 orders and 8 classes of phytoplankton. The identified phytoplanktons were classified into five orders: Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, and Pyrrophyta. The highest species richness was observed in Bacillariophyceae. Thirteen genera that are tolerant to pollution were identified, and the results indicated that the ecological condition of the Tajen estuary is undesirable, with a status index calculated as very polluted, exceeding 20 in both warm and cold seasons. Field investigations also revealed that the Tajen estuary is affected by various environmental hazards at both local and catchment scales. These hazards have created unfavorable conditions and pressure on this habitat, resulting in a shift towards more pollution-tolerant species within the estuary. Overall, this index can be recommended for the biological and ecological assessment of other estuaries in the southern Caspian Sea basin. To reduce uncertainty, other suitable complementary indices may also be employed. 1 15 2024/06/20 1403/3/31 2024/08/24 1403/6/3 مهدی بدری M. Badri دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه ‌بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران. ایران mahdi.badri@gmail.com محمدرضا رضایی M. Rezaee دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه ‌بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران. ایران mrrezaei@birjand.ac.ir حسین مصطفوی H. Mostafavi گروه تنوع زیستی و مدیریت اکوسیستم ها، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه ‌شهیدبهشتی ایران hmostafavisnw@gmail.com محمد حسین صیادی M. 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تعیین پایداری اکولوژیک پارک طبیعت پردیسان بر پایه ردپای اکولوژیک Determining the Ecological Sustainability of Pardisan Nature Park Based on Ecological Footprint 1 1 چکیده پارک طبیعت پردیسان تنها رویشگاه طبیعی باقیمانده در تهران با 443 گونه گیاهی بومی خودرو است که به دلیل ویژگی‌های منحصر به فرد اکولوژیک نیازمند مدیریت پایدار است. برآورد ردپای اکولوژیک روشی مناسب برای تعیین وضعیت اکولوژیک مناطق به منظور استفاده بهینه از آن‌ها است. پژوهش حاضر، ردپای اکولوژیک در پارک پردیسان را با استفاده از روش مولفه‌ای، کمّی کرده است. بر این اساس ردپای اکولوژیک برای پنج فعالیت‌‌ مصرفی برق، آب، گاز، ضایعات و غذا محاسبه شد و با محاسبه ظرفیت‌زیستی برای انواع مختلف زمین، شاخص‌های کسری و فشار اکولوژیک محاسبه شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که ردپای اکولوژیک برق، آب، گاز، ضایعات، غذا و کل به ترتیب 121970/15، 86/72، 0/00، 2585/88، 0/00 و 124642/75 و ظرفیت‌زیستی 438/47 هکتار جهانی است. منفی‌شدن تفاضل ظرفیت‌زیستی از ردپای اکولوژیک کل نشانگر آن است که در مجموعِ بخش مصرف، کسری اکولوژیک وجود دارد. باتوجه به اینکه فشار اکولوژیک در بخش‌های آب، پسماند و گاز در سطح یک (خوب) و در بخش‌های برق و غذا در سطح چهار (خیلی ضعیف) قرار گرفت؛ مدیریت پارک در مصرف آب، گاز و حجم ضایعات، عملکرد مناسب و در مصرف برق و غذا عملکرد ضعیفی داشته‌است. 2 Pardisan Nature Park, the last remaining natural habitat in Tehran and home to 443 indigenous plant species, requires sustainable management due to its unique ecological characteristics. Estimating the ecological footprint is an effective method for assessing the ecological status of areas to ensure their optimal use. This study has calculated the quantitative ecological footprint of Pardisan Park using the component method. The ecological footprint was calculated for five consumption activities: electricity, water, gas, waste, and food. The biological capacity of different land types; along with ecological deficit and intensity indices were calculated.The results indicate that the ecological footprints for electricity, water, gas, waste, food, and the total are 121970.15, 86.72, 0.00, 2585.88, 0.00 and 124642.75, respectively. The biological capacity is measured at 438.47 hectares. The difference between the biological capacity and the total ecological footprint suggests an ecological deficit in the consumption sector. The ecological pressure index footprint intensity in the water, waste, and gas sectors is rated at level one (good), while electricity and food are rated at level four (very poor). Hence, park management has demonstrated efficiency in the consumption of water, gas, and waste, but has shown weaknesses in the consumption of electricity and food. 17 29 2024/06/202024/08/25 1403/6/4 2024/08/242024/09/22 1403/7/1 مسلم امیدی M. Omidi گروه کشاورزی و محیطزیست، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. ایران Moslemomidi1990@gmail.com افروز علی محمدی A. Alimohamadi گروه کشاورزی و محیطزیست، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. ایران afrooz.alimohamadi@pnu.ac.ir مهسا صفری پور M. Safari pour گروه کشاورزی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران ایران mahsasafaripour@yahoo.com قربان شهریاری GH. 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Assessment and analysis of ecological foot print (Case study: townships of Mazandaran provence). Urban Structure and Function Studies 3(10):103-125. (In Persian)##14. Samadpoor, P., S. Faryadi and L. Zebardast. 2023. Investigating the sustainability of the ecosystem by combining two approaches of ecological footprint and evaluation of ecosystem services, case study: city of Nowshahr. Environment and Interdisciplinary Development 8(80):61-78. (In Persian)##15. Simmons, C., K. Lewis and J. Barrett. 2000. Two feet-two approaches: a component-based model of ecological footprinting. Ecological Economics 32(3):375-380.##16. Stechbart, M. and J. Wilson. 2011. Province of Ontario ecological footprint and biocapacity analysis: Global Footprint Network. Available from. http://data.footprintnetwork.org (Accessed 10th April 2019).##17. Wackernagel, M. and W. Rees. 1996. Our ecological footprint: reducing human impact on the earth. New Society Publishers, and Gabriolia Island 9(2):135-149.##18. Wu, M., Y. Wei, P. T. I. Lam, F. Liu and Y. Li. 2019. Is urban development ecologically sustainable? Ecological footprint analysis and prediction based on a modified artificial neural network model: A case study of Tianjin in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 237:117795.##19. Zhu, K., A. Ali, T. Zhang And M. Zada. 2024. An empirical investigation of the impact of energy consumption, globalization and natural resources on ecological footprint and economic growth, evidence from China, Japan, South Korea and China Taiwan. Energy and Environment 35(3): 1216-1234. ##20. Ziyaei, D. M., D. E. Ghaderi and S. Ahmadi. 2017. Determine the carrying capacity and ecological footprint in the destinations of nature walking (Case Study: Zarivar lake). Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement 7(25):39-56. (In Persian)## ##

ارزیابی تغییرات کیفیت زیستگاه پرندگان کنار آبزی تالاب بین‌المللی چغاخور با استفاده از مدل InVEST Assessing Changes in Habitat Quality for Shorebirds in Chahakhoor International Wetland Using the InVEST Model 1 1 جمعیت پرندگان در مقیاس جهانی به دلیل آشفتگی های ناشی از فعالیت¬های انسانی با کاهش شدیدی روبه¬رو شده است. در این پژوهش، کیفیت محدوده تالاب بین¬المللی چغاخور واقع در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری به عنوان یکی از مناطق مهم بین¬المللی پرندگان، طی بازه 11 ساله با استفاده از مدل InVEST ارزیابی شد. بدین منظور، نقشه¬های کاربری و پوشش اراضی سال 1392 از سازمان جنگلها و مراتع و برای سال 1403 با استفاده از طبقه بندی تصاویر ماهواره لندست 9 به روش نظارت¬شده و الگوریتم جنگل تصادفی تهیه شد. نتایج نشان¬دهنده کاهش 20 درصدی کیفیت زیستگاه پرندگان کنار آبزی تالاب بین المللی چغاخور از سال 1392 تا 1403 بود. به علاوه، نتایج تغییر کاربری و پوشش اراضی، کاهش سطح منابع آبی، پوشش متراکم و متوسط مرتع و افزایش سطح کاربری های روستا و شهر، جاده و کشاورزی را نشان داد. به طور کلی نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کاهش فراوانی اغلب گونه های پرنده کنار آبزی سرشماری شده در تالاب بین¬المللی چغاخور احتمالاً می-تواند با کاهش کیفیت زیستگاه پرندگان طی 11 سال، مرتبط باشد که این امر ضرورت توجه بیشتر به احیا و بازسازی زیستگاه¬های پرندگان وابسته به تالاب را آشکار می کند. 2 Globally, bird populations are experiencing a significant decline due to disruptions caused by human activities. The Chahakhoor International Wetland, as one of the important bird areas, is located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. In this study, we evaluated the habitat quality of Chahakhoor over an 11-year period using the InVEST model. Land use and land cover maps for 2013, obtained from the Forests and Ranges Organization, and for 2024 were prepared using Landsat 9 image classification, employing a supervised method and the random forest algorithm. The results showed that habitat quality for waterbirds in this wetland declined by approximately 20% from 2013 to 2024. Additionally, changes in land use and land cover indicated reductions in water resources, dense vegetation, and average pasture land, while areas allocated for villages, cities, roads, and agriculture increased. Overall, our findings suggest that the decline in the abundance of many surveyed waterbird species in Chahakhoor Wetland is likely associated with the decline in the habitat quality over the 11-year period. This highlights the urgent need for conservation initiatives aimed at restoring and protecting this wetland, which supports bird populations. 31 45 2024/06/202024/08/252024/08/30 1403/6/9 2024/08/242024/09/222024/10/5 1403/7/14 زهرا نیک نداف Z. Niknaddaf دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران zahraniknadaf@na.iut.ac.ir زهرا مظلومی Z. Mazloumi دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران mazlomiz077@gmail.com شکوفه نعمت اللهی Sh. Nemat allahy دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران shekoofenematallahy@yahoo.com سعید پورمنافی S. Pourmanafi دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران spourmanafi@cc.iut.ac.ir سیما فاخران S. Fakheran دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران fakheran@cc.iut.ac.ir Ecosystem services Birds Wetland ecosystem Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province InVEST model. خدمات اکوسیستمی پرنده اکوسیستم تالابی چهارمحال و بختیاری مدل InVEST 1. Anderson, J. T. and S. M. Davis. 2012. Wetland succession in a salinity gradient at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Florida. Wetlands 32(3): 437-446.##2. An, X., W. Jin, H. Zhang, Y. Liu and M. Zhang. 2022. Analysis of long-term wetland variations in China using land use/land cover dataset derived from Landsat images. Ecological Indicators 154: 1-22.##3. Ansari, A. and M. H. Golabi. 2019. Prediction of spatial land use changes based on LCM in a GIS environment for desert wetlands – A case study: Meighan Wetland, Iran. International Soil and Water Conservation Research 7: 64-70.##4. Asghari Pood, Z., O. Ghadirian Baharanchi, F. Nematollahi Shokouh, S. Fakheran and S. Pourmanafi. 2019. Monitoring and predicting changes in land cover and land use of the international wetland Shadgan, Iran. Applied Ecology 8(3): 63-76. (In Persian)##5. Badamfirooz, J. and R. Mousazadeh. 2019. Quantitative assessment of land use/land cover changes on the value of ecosystem services in the coastal landscape of Anzali International Wetland. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191(11): 1-13.##6. Behrouzi Rad, B. 1387. Wetlands of Iran. Tehran: Armed Forces Geographic Organization Publication. (In Persian)##7. Cai, Y., P. Zhang, Q. Wang, Y. Wu, Y. Ding, M. Nabi, C. Fu and H. Wang. 2023. How does water diversion affect land use change and ecosystem services: A case study of Baiyangdian wetland, China. Journal of Environmental Management 344: 118-130.##8. Damaneh, H. E., H. Khosravi, K. Habashi and J. P. Tiefenbacher. 2022. The impact of land use and land cover changes on soil erosion in western Iran. Natural Hazards 110(2): 2185-2205.##9. Ebrahimi, S. and M. Moshari. 2006. Evaluation of the Choghakhor wetland status with the emphasis on environmental management problems. Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences E-6: 390.##10. Finlayson, C. M. and R. D’Cruz. 2005. Inland water systems. In: Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends. Washington, DC: Island Press, p. 551-581.##11. García, D., M. Miñarro and R. Martínez-Sastre. 2018. Birds as suppliers of pest control in cider apple orchards: Avian biodiversity drivers and insectivory effect. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 254: 233-243.##12. Halassi, I., A. Elafri, L. Boutabia and S. Telailia. 2021. Monitoring human disturbance: Factors affecting escape behaviour of waterbirds in North African wetlands. African Journal of Ecology 00(4): 1-9.##13. Erfani Malih, J., F. Jahan Shakib and T. Ardakani. 1402. Assessment of habitat quality using the InVEST model and valuing it using the compensation method in Kerman province. Applied Ecology 12(2): 11-23. (In Persian)##14. Jahan Shakib, F., B. Malek Mohamadi, A. R. Yavari, Y. Sharifi and F. Adeli. 1393. Evaluation of land use change trends and climate change in the Chahakhoor wetland landscape, with emphasis on environmental impacts. Applied Ecology 3(3): 631-643. (In Persian)##15. Khosravi, R., H. R. Pourghasemi and Y. Movazzeghi. 1401. Evaluation of land use changes in areas with a high risk of brown bear conflict in Fars province. Applied Ecology 11(2): 51-64. (In Persian)##16. Kularatne, R. K. A., J. M. Harris, P. Vinobaba, S. Thanusanth, S. Kishoran and C. E. Kankanamge. 2021. Use of habitats by aquatic and terrestrial avifauna in tropical coastal lagoons. Regional Studies in Marine Science 47: 101926.##17. Leung, F., D. Doherty, M. Liu, K. Metcalfe, B. Godley and S. Y. Lee. 2024. Rise and fall of an avian oasis: Tracking the impacts of land use change in a key coastal wetland in the world’s largest megalopolis. Science of the Total Environment 906: 16-40.##18. Li, B., R. Wan, G. Yang, S. Yang, L. Dong, J. Cui and T. Zhang. 2024. Centennial loss of lake wetlands in the Yangtze Plain, China: Impacts of land use changes accompanied by hydrological connectivity loss. Water Research 256: 121-150.##19. Mandal, J. and T. R. S. Raman. 2016. Shifting agriculture supports more tropical forest birds than oil palm or teak plantations in Mizoram, northeast India. Ornithological Applications 118(2): 345-359.##20. Mehrkhah, S., M. Ramazani, P. Farshchi, M. Panahi and M. Manouri. 1402. Prediction of changes in ecosystem service supply related to biodiversity in the Shafarood watershed in Gilan province. Environmental Science and Technology 25(7): 109-124. (In Persian)##21. Mousazadeh, R., H. Ghaffarzadeh, J. Nouri, A. Gharagozlou and M. Farahpour. 2015. Land use change detection and impact assessment in Anzali International Coastal Wetland using multitemporal satellite images. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187(12): 1-11.##22. Moradi, F., H. S. Kaboli and B. Lashkarara. 2020. Projection of future land use/cover change in the IzehPyon Plain of Iran using CA-Markov model. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13(19): 998.##23. Nematollahi, S., F. Fakheran, F. Kienast and A. Jafari. 2020. Application of InVEST habitat quality module in spatial vulnerability assessment of natural habitats: A case study in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192(8): 1-17.##24. Nematollahi, S., F. Fakheran, A. Jafari, S. Pourmanafi and F. Kienast. 2022. Applying a systematic conservation planning tool and ecological risk index for the spatial prioritization and optimization of protected area networks in Iran. Journal for Nature Conservation 66: 126144.##25. Ramsar Convention Secretariat. 2018. The Ramsar Convention Manual: A Guide to the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971). Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Secretariat. Available from: https://www.ramsar.org. Accessed: October 2, 2024.##26. Rafei, E., A. Danehkar, M. Zandbasiri and M. Bagherzadeh Karimi. 1401. Analysis of land use/land cover changes in the Shadgan international wetland in the recent period. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems in Natural Resources 13(2): 1-5. (In Persian)##27. Rahimi, L., B. Malekmohammadi and A. R. Yavari. 2020. Assessing and modeling the impacts of wetland land cover changes on water provision and habitat quality ecosystem services. Natural Resources Research 29(11): 3701–3718.##28. Shariati, M. and M. R. Hemami. 2024. The drying of Lake Urmia and its consequences for waterbird assemblages. Bird Conservation International 34: e15, 1–16.##29. Tela, M., W. Cresswell and H. Chapman. 2021. Pest-removal services provided by birds on subsistence farms in south-eastern Nigeria. PLoS One 16(8): e0255638.##30. Verhoeven, J. T. A. and T. L. Setter. 2010. Agricultural use of wetlands: Opportunities and limitations. Annals of Botany 105(1): 155-163.##31. Verones, F., D. Saner, S. Pfister, Baisero, D., Rondinini, C., Hellweg, S, 2013. Effects of consumptive water use on biodiversity in wetlands of international importance. Environmental Science & Technology 47: 12248–12257.##32. Watson, J. E. M., R. J. Whittaker and D. Freudenberger. 2005. Bird community responses to habitat fragmentation: How consistent are they across landscapes? Journal of Biogeography 25: 1353–1370.##33. Wenny, D. G., C. Sekercioglu, N. J. Cordeiro, H. S. Rogers, and D. Kelly. 2016. Seed dispersal by fruit-eating birds. In: C. H. Sekercioglu, D. G. Wenny, and C. J. Whelan (eds), Why birds matter: avian ecological function and ecosystem services. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 107–145.##34. Xu, T., B. Weng, D. Yan, K. Wang, X. Li, W. Bi and Y. Liu. 2019. Wetlands of international importance: Status, threats, and future protection. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(10): 1818.##35. Zamani, F., M. S. Mesgari, H. R. Jafari and E. Houshyar. 2019. Effects of dynamic land use/land cover change on water resources and sediment yield in the Anzali wetland catchment, Gilan, Iran. Ecological Indicators 101: 416-423.## ##

پهنه‌بندی چند‌هدفه مناطق تحت حفاظت با استفاده از روش‌های MCE و MOLA (مطالعه موردی: پناهگاه حیات‌وحش عباس‌آباد، استان اصفهان ) Multi-objective Zoning of Protected Areas Using MCE and MOLA Methods (Case Study: Abbasabad Wildlife Sanctuary, Isfahan Province) 1 1 پهنه‌بندی مناطق تحت حفاظت راهکاری برای کاهش تعارضات بین اهداف مدیریتی متفاوت مانند حفاظت از تنوع‌زیستی به عنوان مهم‌ترین هدف و سایر اهداف فرعی نظیر بازسازی، گردشگری و کاربری پهنه‌های چندگانه و همچنین بسترسازی برای اتخاذ برنامه‌ها، اولویت‌ها و اقدامات مدیریتی می‌باشد. هدف این پژوهش، تخصیص پهنه‌های حفاظتی، بازسازی، گردشگری و چندگانه در پناهگاه حیات‌وحش عباس‌آباد با در نظر گرفتن تداخل حاصل از سایر پهنه‌ها برای چیدمان بهینه پهنه‌های به ظاهر ناسازگار، با استفاده از ارزیابی چند معیاره (Multi Criteria Evaluation, MCE) می‌باشد. در این پژوهش، برای استانداردسازی معیارها از مدل‌های فازی و برای تعیین وزن آنها از مدل وزن‌دهی بهترین-بدترین استفاده شد. نقشه‌های مطلوبیت هر کاربری بصورت مجزا با استفاده از روش میانگین وزنی مرتب شده و نقشه پهنه‌بندی با استفاده از روش تخصیص بهینه (Multi Objective Land Allocation, MOLA) اراضی تهیه گردید. براساس نتایج، مطلوبیت نهایی پهنه ها در این مطالعه بین صفر (کمترین مطلوبیت) و یک (بیشترین مطلوبیت) قرار دارد. در منطقه مورد نظر میانگین مطلوبیت پهنه‌های حفاظتی0/82، بازسازی و احیا 0/98، گردشگری 0/82 و چندگانه 0/84 بوده است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر می¬تواند به‌عنوان الگویی جهت برنامه¬ریزی و اولویت¬بندی استفاده¬های سرزمین، در مناطق تحت حفاظت، مورد توجه قرار گیرد. 2 Zoning of protected areas is an effective solution for reducing conflicts between various objectives, such as prioritizing conservation while also addressing secondary goals like rehabilitation, tourism, and multiple-use zones. Achieving these objectives is not feasible without zoning. This study aimed to allocate areas for conservation, rehabilitation, tourism, and multiple-use zones within the Abbasabad Wildlife Sanctuary, considering the interactions among different zones to optimize the arrangement of incompatible areas through multi-criteria evaluation method. Fuzzy models were used to standardize criteria, and Best-worst Weighting Model (BWM) was used to determine their weights. Suitability maps for each land use were prepared separately using the Ordered Weighted Average (OWA) method, while the zoning map for optimal land allocation was created using the multi objective land allocation (MOLA). The results indicated that the final suitability of the designated zones ranged from zero (the lowest suitability) to one (the highest suitability). The suitability scores for conservation, rehabilitation, tourism, and multiple zones were 0.82, 0.98, 0.82, and 0.84, respectively. The findings of this research can be used as a model for planning and prioritizing land use in protected areas. 47 60 2024/06/202024/08/252024/08/302024/07/29 1403/5/8 2024/08/242024/09/222024/10/52024/10/16 1403/7/25 رضا پیکانپور فرد R. Peykanpour Fard دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران r.peykanpour@na.iut.ac.ir علیرضا سفیانیان A.R. Soffianian دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران soffianian@cc.iut.ac.ir محسن احمدی M. Ahmadi دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران mahmadi@iut.ac.ir سعید پورمنافی S. Pourmanafi دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران spourmanafi@iut.ac.ir Protected areas Best-worst weighting method Multi objective land allocation Ordered weighted average. مناطق حفاظت شده تخصیص بهینه اراضی میانگین وزنی مرتب شده روش وزن‌دهی بهترین - بدترین ## ##

ارزیابی ریسک اکولوژیک عناصر کروم و نیکل در خاک حاشیه جاده شادمهر-گناباد در استان خراسان رضوی Ecological Risk Assessment of Chromium and Nickel in Soil Along the Shadmehr-Gonabad Road in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran 1 1 آلودگی ناشی از تردد خودروها از احتراق ناقص، ساییدگی لنت، و فرسایش سطوح جاده حاصل می‌شود. هدف از این تحقیق تعیین غلظت نیکل و کروم در خاک حاشیه جاده شادمهر- گناباد در استان خراسان رضوی، ارزیابی کیفیت خاک و بررسی تاثیر تردد خودروها بر غلظت این عناصر بود. نمونه‌های خاک از سه ایستگاه پلیس راه گناباد، پلیس راه شادمهر و محور فیض‌آباد برداشت گردید. بیشترین غلظت کروم و نیکل در ایستگاه فیض‌آباد به ترتیب 212/75 و 194 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در پاییز و 143/25 و 159/25 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در زمستان بود. طبق نتایج شاخص‌‌ ریسک اکولوژیک بالقوه و شاخص ریسک، میزان سمیت بیولوژیک کروم و نیکل در کلاس کم خطر قرار داشت. آزمون‌های تجزیه و تحلیل واریانس و پیرسون حاکی از همبستگی معکوس کروم و نیکل با فاصله از جاده ( p<0/05) بودند. نتایج شمارش خودروها با فیلم‌برداری نشان داد که حجم خودروهای عبوری در پلیس راه شادمهر نسبت به دو ایستگاه دیگر بیشتر بود. میانگین غلظت کروم (74/41 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) و مقادیر نیکل (73/79 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) در خاک، از میانگین جهانی و میانگین خاک‌های خراسان رضوی بیشتر بود. این تحقیق نشان داد که آلودگی خاک این منطقه به دلیل تأثیر همزمان تردد خودروها و منشاء زمین‌شناختی است. 2 Pollution caused by traffic is the result of incomplete combustion, wear of pads, and erosion of road surfaces. The purpose of this research was to determine the concentration of nickel and chromium in soil along the road of Shadmehr-Gonabad, in Khorasan Razavi, to evaluate the soil quality and effect of traffic on the concentration of elements. The results showed that the highest concentration of chromium and nickel in Faiz Abad station was 212.75 and 194 mg/kg in autumn and 143.25 and 159.25 mg/kg in winter, respectively. According to the results of the Potential Ecological Risk Index and the Risk Index, the biological toxicity of the elements was in the low-risk class. ANOVA and Pearson's analysis tests indicated the correlation between chromium and nickel with the distance from the road inversely and significantly (p< 0.05). The results of counting the cars using video showed that the number of passing cars at Shadmehr police station was more than the other stations. The average concentration of chromium (74.41 mg/kg) and nickel (73.79 mg/kg) were higher than the global soil average and the average soil of Khorasan Razavi. This research showed that high pollution is due to the simultaneous effect of traffic and geological origin. 61 78 2024/06/202024/08/252024/08/302024/07/292024/06/11 1403/3/22 2024/08/242024/09/222024/10/52024/10/162024/10/20 1403/7/29 قاسم ذوالفقاری Gh. Zolfaghari گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران. ایران ghr_zolfaghari@yahoo.com محمد مظلوم پناه M. Mazloumpanah گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران. ایران mazlomp@yahoo.com مهدی جمعه پور M. Jumapour نظارت و پایش اداره حفاظت محیط زیست، بردسکن، ایران. ایران mahdijomepoor7@gmail.com Toxic elements Vehicles Pollution factor Ecological risk index عناصر سمی وسایل نقلیه فاکتور آلودگی شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک 1. Abrahim, G. M. S., and R. J. Parker. 2008. 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پایش زیستی عناصر با پتانسیل سمیت با استفاده از شیمی نگاری درختی در برخی از مناطق استان اصفهان Biomonitoring of Potentially Toxic Elements Using Dendrochemistry in Some Areas of Isfahan Province. 1 1 آلودگی محیط‌ زیست یکی از ره‌آوردهای توسعه ناپایدار است که با افزایش جمعیت، گسترش شهرنشینی، صنعت و مصرف بیشتر سوخت‌های فسیلی برشدت آن افزوده‌شده است. این پژوهش با هدف پایش عناصر با پتانسیل سمیت در برخی مناطق استان اصفهان، با روش شیمی‌نگاری درختی، با استفاده از حلقه‌های سالیانه تنه درخت کاج تهران (Pinus eldarica) انجام گرفت. درختانی با حداقل سن حدود 50 سال در سه منطقه اصفهان، زرین‌شهر و اردستان انتخاب و سپس از سه اصله درخت در هر ایستگاه با استفاده از مته سال سنج نمونه‌برداری صورت گرفت. نمونه‌ها بافاصله زمانی 10 سال جداسازی و برای اندازه‌گیری عناصر با پتانسیل سمیت استفاده شدند. ضخامت حلقه‌های رویشی گیاهان مورد استفاده در دهه‌های اخیر نسبت به دهه‌های قدیمی‌تر کاهش 33، 26 و 22 درصدی را در اردستان، زرین‌شهر و اصفهان نشان داد. در اغلب نمونه‌های مربوط به شهر اصفهان و زرین‌شهر عامل غنی‌شدگی در حلقه‌های درختی بیشتر از یک بود و برای عناصر آهن، روی و کروم روند افزایشی را نسبت به زمان نشان داد. زیاد بودن غلظت آهن و سرب حلقه‌های درختی در زرین‌شهر و اصفهان، به خصوص در جدیدترین دهه زمانی را می توان به وجود و افزایش فعالیت‌های صنعتی مانند ذوب فلزات و ریخته گری، ارتباط داد. 2 Environmental pollution is one of the consequences of unsustainable development, which has been intensified by population growth, urban expansion, industrialization, and the consumption of fossil fuels. This research aims to monitor potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in some areas of Isfahan province using a dendrochemistry approach, which analyzes the annual core rings of Tehran pine tree (Pinus elderica). Trees with a minimum age of about 50 years were selected in three regions including Isfahan, Zarinshahr and Ardestan, and then sampling was conducted on three trees in each station using an increment borer. The samples were separated with a time interval of 10 years and analyzed to measure the elements with potential toxicity. The thickness of the growth core rings of plants in recent decades has decreased by 33, 26 and 22% in Ardestan, Zarinshahr and Isfahan, respectively, compared to earlier decades. In most samples, the enrichment factor calculated from tree rings in the two locations of Isfahan and Zarinshahr was greater than one and an increasing trend over time was observed for Fe, Zn and Cr elements. The higher concentration of Fe and Pb in tree rings of Zarinshahr and Isfahan, especially in the most recent decade, could be related to the existence and expantion of industrial activities such as metal smelting and casting. 79 93 2024/06/202024/08/252024/08/302024/07/292024/06/112024/09/26 1403/7/5 2024/08/242024/09/222024/10/52024/10/162024/10/202024/11/17 1403/8/27 علیرضا مرجوی A.R Marjovvi مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، ایران ایران amarjovvi@yahoo.com محسن سلیمانی M. Soleimani گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران m.soleimani@iut.ac.ir نوراله میرغفاری N. Mirghaffari گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران mnorolah@iut.ac.ir حمیدرضا کریم زاده H. R. Karimzadeh گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. ایران karimzadeh@iut.ac.ir سیدجمال الدین خواجه الدین S. J. 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