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پراکنش آینده ماهی ‌سیم (Linnaeus, 1758) Abramis brama تحت تأثیر سناریوهای تغییر اقلیم Future Distribution of Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) under Climate Change scenarios 1 1 چکیده رودخانه‌ها و آبزیان فشارهای بسیاری به واسطه افزایش فعالیت‌های صنعتی بشر و متعاقب آن تغییرات اقلیمی متحمل شده‌اند. در مطالعه حاضر، تغییرات محدوده پراکنش ماهی ‌سیم (Abramis brama) ساکن در رودخانه‌های حوضه آبریز جنوبی دریای خزر در سال‌های 2050 و 2080 تحت دو سناریوی اقلیمی خوش‌بینانه و بدبینانه با استفاده از مدل مکسنت مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در این مطالعه، از مجموعه داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده توسط نویسندگان و منابع علمی مختلف مربوط به یک بازه زمانی 50 ساله (2020-1970میلادی) استفاده گردید. طبق منحنی مشخصه عملکرد سیستم و با توجه به معیار سطح زیر منحنی (AUC) عملکرد مدل در پیش‌بینی پراکنش گونه، عالی (0/947) ارزیابی شد. بعلاوه، نتایج مدل‌سازی نشان داد که احتمالاً پراکنش این گونه در هر دو سناریوی اقلیمی و هر دو سری زمانی 2050 و 2080 به‌صورت قابل‌توجهی کاهش پیدا خواهد کرد که بیشترین درصد کاهش معادل 71/98 تحت سناریوی بدبینانه در سال 2080 پیش‌بینی شد. با توجه به جایگاه ماهی سیم در سفره غذایی و تأثیر مثبت آن بر اقتصاد و معیشت جوامع محلی، جهت حفاظت از این گونه با ارزش می‌توان به اقداماتی مانند جلوگیری از صید بی‌رویه، توسعه استراتژی‌های حفاظتی برای مقابله با رخدادهای آینده و تلاش جهت کاهش عوامل شتاب‌دهنده تغییر اقلیم اشاره نمود. 2 Riverine ecosystems and aquatic animals have suffered many pressures due to the increase of human industrial activities and subsequent climate changes. In the present study, changes in the distribution range of the bream fish (Abramis brama) inhabiting the rivers of the southern Caspian Sea basin in the years 2050 and 2080 under optimistic and pessimistic climate scenarios were assessed by using the MaxEnt model. This study utilized datasets collected by the authors and various scientific resources available over 50 years (1970-2020). According to the receiver operating characteristics curve, and area under curve (AUC), the model performance in predicting species distribution was excellent (AUC = 0.947). Furthermore, modeling results indicated a significant likely decrease in the distribution of this species under both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, in both periods of 2050 and 2080, with the highest predicted reduction percentage of 98.71% under the pessimistic scenario in 2080. Given the importance of the bream fish in the food chain and its positive impact on the economy and livelihoods of local communities, conservation efforts such as preventing overfishing, developing conservation strategies to cope with future events, and striving to reduce climate change accelerators are recommended for the protection of this valuable species.   1 13 2024/01/9 1402/10/19 2024/05/7 1403/2/18 نجمه طبسی نژاد N. Tabasinezhad دانشگاه گیلان ایران Tabasinezhad@yahoo.com حامد موسوی ثابت H. Mosavi-Sabet دانشگاه گیلان ایران mosavii.h@gmail.com حسین مصطفوی H. Mostafavi دانشگاه شهید بهشتی ایران hmostafaviw@gmail.com Climate change Bream fish MaxEnt model Distribution prediction Conservation دگرگونی اقلیم ماهی سیم مدل مکسنت پیش‌بینی پراکنش حفاظت 1. Hasanli, A.M. 2020. Climate change and its consequences on water resources and environment. Publications jahad daneshgahi (jdmpress), Mashhad.##2. Abbasi, K., M. Moradi, A. Mirzajani, M. Nikpour, Y. Zahmatkesh, A. Abdoli, H. 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مدل‌سازی لکه‌های داغ گذرگاه‌های زیستگاهی گونه‌های خانواده راسوها (Mustelidae) و میزان هم‌پوشی آن‌ها با مناطق تحت حفاظت در ایران Modeling of Habitat Corridor Hotspots for the Mustelid Species (Mustelidae) and Their Coverage by Conservation Areas in Iran 1 1 حفاظت از گذرگاه‌های زیستگاهی به منظور کاهش اثرات تکه‌تکه شدن زیستگاه بر جمعیت‌های حیات وحش، حائز اهمیت است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی گذرگاه‌های زیستگاهی بالقوه میان لکه‌های زیستگاهی گونه‌های خانواده راسوها با استفاده از روش تحلیل مسیر حداقل هزینه فاکتوریل و نرم‌افزار UNICOR انجام شد. با روی هم‌گذاری گذرگاه‌های زیستگاهی گونه‌های این خانواده ، میزان هم‌پوشی لکه‌های داغ گذرگاه‌های زیستگاهی با مناطق تحت حفاظت سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست و تراکم جاده‌ای این لکه‌های داغ مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مساحت گذرگاه‌های زیستگاهی مربوط به گونه‌های راسو، سمور سنگی و زرده‌بر بود. لکه‌های داغ گذرگاه‌های زیستگاهی خانواده راسوها به طور عمده در رشته‌کوه‌های زاگرس و البرز قرار دارند. میزان هم‌پوشی لکه‌های داغ گذرگاه‌های زیستگاهی با مناطق تحت حفاظت کمتر از 25 درصد و تراکم جاده‌ای 50 متر در کیلومتر مربع بود. لزوم در نظر گرفتن لکه‌های داغ گذرگاه‌های زیستگاهی خانواده راسوها در ایجاد مناطق تحت حفاظت جدید و تمهیدات لازم برای حداقل رسانیدن تلفات جاده‌ای در لکه‌های داغ گذرگاه‌های زیستگاهی امری ضروری است. حفاظت از خانواده راسوها به عنوان گونه‌های گوشتخوار میانی، بقای شبکه‌های غذایی حیات وحش و پایداری تنوع زیستی ایران را فراهم می‌سازد.   2 Conservation of habitat corridors is important in order to reduce the impacts of habitat fragmentation on wildlife. The present study aimed to identify the potential habitat corridors between habitat patches of this family using factorial least-cost path analysis and UNICOR software. By overlaying the habitat corridors of the mustelidae family, the study examined the coverage of the habitat corridor hotspots with the conservation areas designated by the Department of Environment of Iran, as well as the road density within these hotspots. The results revealed that the largest habitat corridors were associated with weasel, stone marten, and marbled polecat species. Habitat corridor hotspots of the mustelid species are mainly located in the Zagros and Alborz mountains. The coverage of habitat corridor hotspots with conservation areas was less than 25%, and the road density was about 50 m/km2. It is necessary to consider the habitat corridor hotspots of the mustelids when creating new conservation areas and  implementing measures to minimize road-related losses in these hotspots. The conservation of the mustelidae family as mesocarnivorous species ensures the survival of wildlife food webs and contributes to the sustainability of Iran's biodiversity.  15 30 2024/01/92024/01/20 1402/10/30 2024/05/72024/04/22 1403/2/3 کامران الماسیه K. Almasieh دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان ایران almasieh@asnrukh.ac.ir میترا چراغی M. Cheraghi دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان ایران cheraghi.mitra@asnrukh.ac.ir Habitat corridor Factorial least-cost path Habitat fragmentation Zagros and Alborz Mesocarnivores گذرگاه زیستگاهی مسیر حداقل هزینه فاکتوریل تکه تکه شدن زیستگاه زاگرس و البرز گوشتخوار میانی 1. Acharya, P. M., P. Thainiramit, K. Techato, S. Baral, N. Rimal, M. Savage, A. Campos-Arceiz and D. Neupane. (2023). Predicting the distribution and habitat suitability of the smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) in lowland Nepal. Global Ecology and Conservation 46: e02578.##2. Adriaensen, F., J. P. Chardon, G. De Blust, E. Swinnen, S. Villalba, H. 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تنوع و فراوانی پرندگان مهاجر تالاب بند علیخان ورامین و ارتباط آن با نوسانات آب تالاب و خشکسالی Diversity and Abundance of Migratory Birds in Bandalikhan Wetland in Relation to Water Fluctuations and Drought 1 1 تالاب‌ها یکی از منحصر به فرد‌ترین اکوسیستم‌های سطح زمین هستند که تغییرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم انسانی عامل از بین رفتن آنها است. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی فراوانی و تنوع پرندگان تالاب بند علیخان ورامین و ارتباط آن با تغییرات سطح آب و خشکسالی تالاب در بازه 10 ساله (1400-1390) می‌پردازد. داده‌های سرشماری پرندگان گردآوری و شاخص‌های غنا و تنوع گونه‌ای محاسبه شد. تغییرات آب تالاب با استفاده از شاخص تفاضل نرمال شده آب (Normalized Difference Water Index, NDWI)، به کمک تصاویر ماهواره¬ی لندست تعیین شد. داده‌های بارش، دما و شاخص خشکسالی با استفاده از داده‌های هواشناسی استخراج و همبستگی بین آنها تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که به ترتیب گونه‌های خوتکا (Anas crecca) و اردک سرسبز (Anas platyrhynchos) فراوان‌ترین پرندگان منطقه بوده و بیشترین مقادیر شاخص تنوع و غنای گونه‌ای در پرآب‌ترین سال (1398) بدست آمد. رگرسیون خطی نشان داد که ارتباط مثبت و معنی‌داری بین NDWI با تعداد گونه (0/72 = R2) و فراوانی (0/74 = R2) پرندگان وجود دارد. رابطه معنی‌داری بین شاخص خشکسالی و تعداد گونه‌های پرندگان (0/62 = R2) مشاهده شد. به منظور حفظ تنوع ‌و فراوانی پرندگان تالاب، جلوگیری از نوسانات زیاد سطح آب تالاب که موجب کاهش مطلوبیت زیستگاه پرندگان می‌شود، ضروری است. 2 Wetlands are one of the most unique ecosystems on earth, and their destruction is a result of direct and indirect human interactions. This study examines the abundance and diversity of birds in the Bandalikhan wetland and their relationship with water fluctuations and drought over a 10-year period (2012-2022). Bird census data was collected, and species richness and diversity indices were calculated. The changes in the water level were determined using the normalized water difference index (NDWI) and Landsat images. Rainfall, temperature, and drought index were extracted from meteorological records, and their correlation was analyzed. Results showed that common teal (Anas crecca) and mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) were the most abundant birds, and the highest values of species diversity and richness indices were obtained for the wettest year (2019). Linear regression revealed a positive and significant relationship between NDWI and the number of bird species (R2 = 0.72) and abundance (R2 = 0.74) of birds. A significant relationship was found between the drought index and the number of species (R2 = 0.62). 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تنوع و ساختار ژنتیکی گوسفند وحشی در پارک ملی بمو در استان فارس با استفاده از نشانگرهای ریزماهواره Genetic Variation and Population Structure of Wild Sheep in Bamou National Park in Fars Province Using Microsatellite Markers 1 1 روش‌های نمونه‌برداری غیرتهاجمی، از جمله استخراج دی‌ان‌ای از سرگین، انجام مطالعات ژنتیک را برای پژوهشگران ژنتیک حفاظت تسهیل نموده، اما کیفیت و کمّیت دی‌ان‌ای استخراج شده همواره موضوع اصلی این روش‌ها بوده است. در مطالعه حاضر تنوع و ساختار ژنتیکی گوسفند وحشی (Ovis gmelini) در پارک ملی بمو با نمونه‌برداری به روش سواب سطح سرگین و با استفاده از هشت جفت آغازگر ریزماهواه ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که روش سواب سطح سرگین کارایی بالایی در تعیین ژنوتیپ افراد داشته و می‌توان این روش را به‌عنوان یک الگو برای سایر گونه‌های جانوری پیشنهاد نمود. مقادیر هتروزیگوسیتی مورد انتظار بین 0/502 تا 0/943، هتروزیگوسیتی مشاهده شده بین 0/950 تا 1/00 و میانگین غنای آللی 8/87 بدست آمد که نشان از تنوع ژنتیکی قابل توجه در جمعیت دارد. همچنین میانگین شاخص درون‌آمیزی بر اساس تمامی لوکوس‌ها 0/052 محاسبه شد. نشانه‌هایی از وقوع پدیده گردنه بطری در جمعیت در گذشته نزدیک مشاهده نشد. علی‌رغم تنوع ژنتیکی مناسب در جمعیت موجود، قطع ارتباطات ژنی بین این جمیعت با جمعیت‌های مجاور و تهدیدات جهانی همچون تغییرات اقلیمی، ضرورت اجرای برنامه‌های معرفی افراد جدید به جمعیت با هدف حفظ پتانسیل تکاملی گونه را دو چندان می‌نماید.    2 Non-invasive sampling methods, such as scat sampling, have facilitated genetic studies for conservation genetics researchers, however, the quality and quantity of extracted DNA have always been the main issues with these methods. In the current study, the genetic variation and population structure of wild sheep (Ovis gmelini) in Bamou National Park (Fars, Iran) were evaluated using the swabbing technique and eight microsatellites. The sampling method used showed high efficiency in genotyping individuals and can be considered  for use with other species. Expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.502 to 0.943 and 0.950 to 1.00, respectively, and the mean allele richness was 8.87, indicating considerable genetic variation in the population. In addition, inbreeding coefficient across all loci was 0.052. There was no evidence of a bottleneck in the population in the recent past. Despite the high level of genetic variation, the lack of gene flow between populations, and global threats such as climate change, highlight the necessity of implementing reintroduction programs to maintain the evolutionary potential of the species.   45 56 2024/01/92024/01/202024/03/112024/05/20 1403/2/31 2024/05/72024/04/222024/05/192024/06/20 1403/3/31 دل آرا محمودی D. Mahmoudi دانشگاه شیراز ایران dlaramahmoodi.dm@gmail.com رسول خسروی R. Khosravi دانشگاه شیراز ایران r-khosravi@shirazu.ac.ir محمد کابلی M. Kaboli دانشگاه تهران یران mkaboli@ut.ac.ir رویا آداودی R. Adavoudi دانشگاه گدانسک لهستان roya.adavoudi@gmail.com Inbreeding Bottleneck Swab sampling Non-invasive sampling درون‌آمیزی گردنه بطری نمونه‌برداری به روش سواب نمونه‌برداری غیرتهاجمی 1. Alnajm, H., S. Alijani., A. Javanmard., S. A. Rafat and K. Hasanpur. 2021. Genetic diversity analysis of four sheep breeds of Iran: Towards genetic maintenance and conservation decision. 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بررسی دامنه پراکنش بوم شناختی و اثر عوامل محیطی بر پراکنش گونه‌های مهم چوبی جنگل‌های زاگرس در استان ایلام Investigating the Ecological Range Distribution and Environmental Factors Affecting the Distribution of Woody Species in the Zagros Forests of Ilam Province 1 1 مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی دامنه بوم شناختی گونه‌های چوبی و مهمترین عوامل مؤثر بر پراکنش آنها در جنگل‌های زاگرس استان ایلام انجام شد. خصوصیات فیزیکیوشیمیایی خاک و عوامل توپوگرافی در 109 قطعه نمونه دایره‌ای شکل500 مترمربعی در چهار منطقه جنگلی با دامنه ارتفاعی 2400-800 متر از سطح دریا بررسی شد. فاصله عمودی قطعات نمونه در جهت شیب برابر با 100 متر و فاصله مسیرهای نمونه‌برداری از 500 تا 1000 متر متغیر بود. دامنه پراکنش بوم شناختی بر اساس مهمترین عوامل مؤثر در پراکنش گونه‌ها محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که مهمترین عوامل پراکنش گونه‌های چوبی در زاگرس عبارتند از درصد رس، پتاسیم، نیتروژن، کربن، شن، فسفر و ارتفاع از سطح دریا (متر). گونه‌های تنگرس (Amygdalus orientalis)، شن (Lonicera  nummularifolia)، دافنه (Daphnae  mucronata) محلب (Cerasus mahaleb) و کیکم (Acer monspessulanum) در ارتفاعات بالا و دارای بیشترین میزان عناصر کربن، نیتروژن، پتاسیم و فسفر بودند. بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii) همراه با کیکم و دافنه به ترتیب  بیشترین و بنه (Pistacia atlantica)، بادام (Amygdalus arabica) و ارژن (Amygdalus orientalis) به ترتیب کمترین مقادیر شاخص آشیان بوم شناختی را نشان دادند. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که عوامل توپوگرافی و خاکی در پراکنش گونه‌های چوبی در منطقه مورد مطالعه نقش تعیین کننده‌ای دارند.  2 The present survey was conducted to investigate the ecological distribution range of woody species and the most important factors affecting their distribution in the Zagros forests of Ilam province. physical and chemical characteristics of soil, as well as topographical factors, were assessed in 109 circular sampling plots with an area of 500 m2 n four forest areas with an altitude range of 800-2400 m. The vertical distance of the plots on the slope aspect was 100 m, and the distance of the sampling routes varied from 500-1000 m. ecological distribution range index was calculated based on the most important factors affecting species distribution. Based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the most significant factors include: the percentage of theclay, Potassium, nitrogen, carbon, sand, phosphorus, and altitude. species such as Amygdalus orientalis, Lonicera nummularifolia, Daphne mucronata and Cerasus mahaleb and Acer monspessulsnum were found at hight altitudes with the highest levels of carbon, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. In addition, Quercus brantii along with Acer monspessulanum and Daphne mucronata showed the highest ecological distribution range while Pistacia atlantica, Amygdalus arabica and Amygdalus orientalis species respectively has the lowest values. Overal, results indicate that topography and soil factors play an important role in the distribution of woody species in the studied areas. 57 73 2024/01/92024/01/202024/03/112024/05/202024/02/14 1402/11/25 2024/05/72024/04/222024/05/192024/06/202024/07/3 1403/4/13 علی نجفی فر A. Najafifar مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام ایران alinajafifar@yahoo.com ناهید جعفریان N. Jafarian مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام ایران n.jafarian@areeo.ac.ir Ecological range Habitat Woody species Zagros forests Ilam province شاخص ‌دامنه پراکنش رویشگاه گونه‌های چوبی زاگرس ایلام 1. Adel1, M.N., H. S.J. Pourbabaei, Alavi, and A. Salehi. 2016. Modeling distribution of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) trees in riparian forest by HOF model. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 23 (4): 707-718. (In Persian)##2. Alavi, S. J., G. Zahedi Amiri, R. Rahmani, M. R. Marvi Mohajer, B. Muys, and J. Fathi. 2012. 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ارزیابی تغییرات مکانی- زمانی شاخص سطح برگ و دمای سطح زمین در مناطق زیست اقلیمی شمال ایران Evaluation of Spatio -Temporal Changes in Leaf Area Index and Land Surface Temperature in the Bioclimatic Regions of Northern Iran 1 1 مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تغییرات مکانی- زمانی شاخص سطح برگ (Leaf Area Index, LAI) و دمای سطح زمین (Land Surface Temperature, LST) در مناطق زیست‌اقلیمی شمال کشور صورت گرفت. بدین منظور از سری زمانی ماهانهLAI  و LST، تولیدات سنجنده مودیس (MODIS) برای کاربری های مرتع و جنگل طی سال‌های 2001 تا 2022 استفاده شد. برای بررسی روند شاخص های مورد مطالعه، بدلیل وجود خودهمبستگی معنی دار در سری زمانی از آزمون من کندال پیش سفید شده استفاده شد. شیب خط روند با استفاده از آزمون شیب تخمین گر سن محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که در دوره مطالعه، در تمامی مناطق زیست اقلیمی، شاخص سطح برگ رو به افزایش است. همچنین، در اکوسیستم‌های جنگلی، ارتباط مستقیم بین LAI و LST در تمام فصول سال مشاهده شد، در حالی که در اکوسیستم‌های مرتعی، ارتباط مستقیم در بهار و تابستان و ارتباط معکوس در پاییز و زمستان وجود داشت. روند افزایشی سبز شدن در مراتع مربوط به مناطق نیمه‌خشک و شدیداً بادی (Z=2/944) و جنگل های مناطق معتدل با رطوبت نسبی خیلی بالا (Z=2/825 ) بسیار معنی دار بود. شناسایی و تحلیل ارتباط بین تغییرات LAI و LST می‌تواند به توسعه راهکارهای مدیریتی مؤثر برای بهبود کیفیت اکوسیستم های شمال کشور و سازگاری با تغییرات اقلیمی کمک کند. 2 The present study aimed to investigate  the spatio - temporal changes in  Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST). This research examined the spatial and temporal trends of LST and LAI across the climatic zones of northern Iran from 2001 to 2022, analyzing the data both seasonally and annually using the remote sensing data from MODIS. To assess the trends in the indices studied, the prewhitened Mann-Kendall test was employed due to the significant autocorrelation present in the time series. The trend slope was calculated using  Sen's slope estimator. The results showed that during the study period, the leaf area index (LAI) increased across all bioclimatic zones. In forest ecosystems, a direct relationship between LAI and LST was observed in all seasons. In contrast,  rangeland ecosystems exhibited a  direct relationship in spring and summer, but an inverse relationship in autumn and winter. The Z-values were 2.825 for forests in humid temperate areas and 2.944 for rangelands in semi-arid, windy regions, both indicating a significant greening trend at a 99% confidence level. Analyzing the relationship between changes in LAI and LST can help develop effective management strategies to enhance ecosystem quality in northern regions and adapt to climate change. 75 90 2024/01/92024/01/202024/03/112024/05/202024/02/142024/05/25 1403/3/5 2024/05/72024/04/222024/05/192024/06/202024/07/32024/09/22 1403/7/1 آزاده بذرمنش A. Bazrmanesh دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ایران azade.bazrmanesh@gmail.com سعید سلطانی کوپائی S. Soltani Koupaei دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ایران ssoltani@cc.iut.ac.ir مصطفی ترکش اصفهانی M. Tarkesh Esfahani دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ایران m_tarkesh@iut.ac.ir رضا جعفری R. Jafari دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ایران reza.jafari@iut.ac.ir Leaf area index Land surface temperature Trend analysis Climatic zones Sen's slope estimator Prewhitend Mann-Kendall. شاخص سطح برگ دمای سطح زمین تحلیل روند پهنه های زیست اقلیمی شیب تخمین گر سن من کندال پیش سفید شده 1. Azizi, S. and T. J. A. Azizi. 2023. 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