بررسی وضعیت ذخیره ماهی ساردین سند (Sardinella sindensis Day, 1878) با استفاده از مدل صید-حداکثر محصول پایدار در آب‌های جنوبی ایران (خلیج فارس و دریای عمان) Investigation of Sardinella Sindensis (Day, 1878) Stock Status Using the Catch-Maximum Sustainable Yield Model in the Southern Waters of Iran (Persian Gulf and Oman Sea) 1 1 درمیان گونه‌های مختلف ماهیان سطح‌زی‌ریز، گونه ساردین سند (Sardinella sindensis Day, 1878) یکی از مهم‌ترین گونه‌های اقتصادی مورد بهره‌برداری توسط صیادان است. در سال‌های اخیر، میزان صید این گونه افزایش یافته و با توجه به داده‌های محدود، امکان استفاده از مدل‌های مبنی بر داده‌های تکمیلی برای ارزیابی ذخایر آن وجود ندارد. در مطالعه حاضر، جهت تعیین وضعیت ذخیره ماهی ساردین سند در آب‌های جنوبی از مدل صید-حداکثر محصول پایدار(Catch-Maximum Sustainable Yield, CMSY) استفاده شد. داده‌های صید مربوط به 23 سال گذشته (1398- 1376) جمع‌آوری و برای محاسبه نقاط مرجع شیلاتی وارد مدل شدند. مقدار محاسبه شده برای شاخص B/BMSY توسط مدل بیشتر از 1/0 و مقدار شاخص F/FMSY کمتر از 1/0 تخمین زده شد که بیانگر عدم صید بی‌رویه از ذخیره این گونه در آب‌های جنوبی کشور می‌باشد. مقدار حداکثر محصول قابل برداشت (Maximum Sustainable Yield, MSY) 86 هزار تن تخمین زده شد که در چند سال اخیر میزان برداشت، بیشتر از این مقدار بوده که این امر باعث شده است تا ذخیره به تدریج به سمت حالت صید بی‌رویه حرکت نماید. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، پیشنهاد می‌شود که کنترل و مدیریت بر فعالیت‌های صید و صیادی بصورت منطقه‌ای (به ویژه در آب‌های استان هرمزگان) و با در نظر گرفتن پتانسیل‌های شیلاتی، همراه با پایش وضعیت بهره‌برداری و با در نظر گرفتن عوامل محیطی تأثیرگذار بر ذخایر این ماهیان صورت پذیرد. 2 Among the various species of small pelagic fish, Sardinella sindensis (Day ,1878) has high economic and ecological importance and is one of the most important species exploited by fishermen. In recent years, the catch rate of this species has increased, and due to the limited data available on its stock in southern waters, it is not possible to use models based on the complementary data to assess its stock. In the present study, the catch-maximum sustainable yield (CMSY) model was used to determine the stock status of Sardinella sindensis in southern waters. Catch data related to the last 23 years (1997- 2019) were collected and entered into the model to calculate fisheries reference points. The value for B/BMSY by the model was estimated to be more than 1.0 and the value of F/FMSY was less than 1.0, which indicates the healthy stock status of this species in the southern waters of Iran. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was estimated to be 86,000 tons. In recent years, the catch rate has been exceeded this amount and has caused the stock to move gradually towards the overfishing zone. Based on the results, it is suggested to control and manage the fishing activities regionally (specially in Hormozgan province) by taking into account the fishery potentials, monitoring the exploitation status with regard to the environmental factors affecting the stocks of this species. 11 13 2021/12/26 1400/10/5 2022/06/7 1401/3/17 علی حقی وایقان A. Haghi Vayghan دانشگاه ارومیه ایران a.haghi@urmia.ac.ir مهرناز قنبرزاده M. Ghanbarzadeh دانشگاه هرمزگان ایران mehrna.ghanbarzadeh@gmail.com Small pelagic fish Sardinella sindensis Catch-maximum sustainable yield model Fishery management Persian Gulf Sea of Oman ماهیان سطح‌زی ریز ساردین سند مدل صید-حداکثر محصول پایدار مدیریت صید خلیج فارس و دریای عمان 1. Alaei, A., S. Y. Paighambari, A. Salarpouri and Z. Mazaheri. 2014. Study on some population dynamics parameters of Sardinella sindensis in Coastal waters of Jask province. Journal of Aquatic Ecology 10 (3): 34-25. (In Farsi).##2. Babji, A. S., M. Aidilla, C. Gugapreya, C. J. Lai, B. 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تنوع ژنتیکی Avicennia marina در اکوسیستم های ساحلی جنوب ایران با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی و ریخت شناسی Genetic Diversity of Avicennia Marina in Costal Ecosystems of Southern Iran Based on Molecular Markers and Morphological Characteristics 1 1 جنگل‌های مانگرو ایران زیستگاه‌های ساحلی درختان حرا در منطقه جنوب غربی آسیا هستند. آگاهی از تنوع ژنتیکی جنگل‌های مانگرو اطلاعات ارزشمندی را جهت جلوگیری از فرسایش ژنتیکی در خزانه ژنی این اکوسیستم‌های گیاهی و حفاظت از آنها فراهم می‌نماید. هدف تحقیق، بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی در جنگل‌های مانگرو چهار منطقه ساحلی جنوبی ایران با استفاده از نشانگرهای ریزماهواره و ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی می‌باشد. تجزیه خوشه‌ای داده‌های مولکولی با استفاده از الگوریتم Neighbor joining تعداد 60 درخت نمونه‌برداری شده از مناطق ساحلی مختلف را در چهار گروه دسته‌بندی نمود. تجزیه واریانس مولکولی داده‌ها نشان داد سهم عمده واریانس کل (%77) مربوط به تنوع درون جمعیت‌ها می‌باشد. بیشترین مقدار تعداد آلل مؤثر، شاخص تنوع شانون و میزان هتروزیگوسی برای جمعیت قشم به‌دست آمد که نشان داد این جمعیت دارای بیشترین تنوع ژنتیکی در بین جمعیت‌های مورد بررسی است. نتایج ارزیابی‌های ریخت‌شناسی درختان نشان داد که از نظر صفات ارتفاع، قطر برابر سینه و قطر یقه درختان و همچنین اندازه برگ، قطر ریشه‌های هوایی و طول این ریشه‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری بین نمونه‌های گیاهی چهار منطقه وجود دارد. نتایج این تحقیق اطلاعات مفیدی در زمینه تنوع ژنتیکی جنگل‌های مانگرو ایران فراهم نمود که می‌تواند در مطالعات تکاملی و برنامه‌های حفاظت از این اکوسیستم‌های گیاهی با ارزش مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. 2 Iranian mangrove forests provides valuable information to prevent genetic erosion in the gene pool of these ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity among mangrove forests located in four different regions of Iran, based on morphological characteristics and microsatellite markers. Cluster analysis of molecular data, using neighbor joining algorithm classified the 60 mangrove trees, sampled from different coastal areas, into four groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed that the majority (77%) of the variance explained by among-population variation and the highest values of genetic diversity parameters including number of effective alleles, Shannon’s information index, and Nei’s genetic diversity were obtained for the Qeshm population, indicating that region is the most diverse population among all the studied populations. Baced on the morphological analyses significant differences were observed between all populations in terms of height, diameter at breast height, collar diameter, leaf size, pneumatophore length and pneumatophore diameter. The present study, provides useful information about genetic diversity of mangrove habitats which can be used in evolutionary studies and conservation efforts for these valuable plant ecosystems. 15 26 2021/12/262022/02/20 1400/12/1 2022/06/72022/07/4 1401/4/13 ستاره کوچکی چنانی S. Koochaki chenani دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران ایران setarehkoochaki32@gmail.com ساسان بابایی کفاکی S. Babaie kafaki دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران ایران s.babaie.rs@gmail.com هادی کیادلیری H. Kiadaliri دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران ایران hadi.kiadaliri@yahoo.com آسا ابراهیمی A. Ebrahimi دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران ایران dr.asaebrahimi@gmail.com علیرضا اطمینان A. Etminan واحد کرمانشاه. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران ایران alietminan55@yahoo.com Genetic diversity Costal habitat Mangrove Morphology Molecular marker تنوع ژنتیکی ریخت‌شناسی زیستگاه ساحلی مانگرو نشانگر مولکولی 1. Alongi, D.M. 2015. 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تفکیک فلوریستیک گروه‌های اکولوژیک بزرگ مقیاس در جنگل‌های زاگرس مرکزی Floristic Classification of Large-Scale Ecological Groups in the Forests of Central Zagros 1 1 آیا تفاوت‌های اقلیمی و تغییرات خشکسالی در ترکیب گیاهی جنگل‌های زاگرس مرکزی، که در فواصل جغرافیایی طولانی از هم قرار دارند، مؤثرند، و نقش متغیرهای توپوگرافی ارتفاع از سطح دریا و جهت دامنه در این اختلاف احتمالی چیست؟ برای پاسخ به این پرسش‌ در این تحقیق فهرست گیاگان (فلور) ۱۵ جنگل زاگرس مرکزی، در قالب پنج شکل زیستی گیاهی در بین دره‌های دو رودخانه گردبیشه و بازفت در طول ۱۷۰ کیلومتر توسط ۲۲۶ قطعه نمونه نیم هکتاری به دست آمد. از روش‌های خوشه‌بندی دو طرفه و آزمون پاسخ چندگانه‌‌ جایگشت استفاده شد و اختلاف معنی‌‌دار در ترکیب گیاگان در سطح چشم‌‌انداز تأیید و اجتماعات گیاهی در قالب سه گروه اکولوژیک شرقی، مرکزی و غربی منفک شدند. از تجزیه تطبیقی متعارف برای تعیین همبستگی تغییرات ترکیب گیاهی با شاخص‌های اقلیمی و توپوگرافی و همچنین فرم رویشی گیاهان استفاده شد. نتایج نشان دادند که، جنگل‌های گروه اکولوژیک غربی کاملاً با شاخص خشکی دومارتن همبستگی مثبت دارند، درحالی که این شدت خشکسالی است که گروه‌های اکولوژیک شرقی و غربی را متفاوت می‌کند. همچنین عامل ارتفاع از سطح دریا در تمایز گروه‌های اکولوژیک شرقی و مرکزی از یکدیگر اثر معنی‌داری داشته است. عمده تفاوت سه گروه اکولوژیک از نقطه‌ نظر شکل زیستی گیاهان به همبستگی معنی‌دار تروفیت‌ها، کریپتوفیت‌ها و همی‌کریپتوفیت‌ها با خشک‌ترین گروه اکولوژیک (شرقی) برمی‌گردد. با وجود جنگلی بودن تمام قطعات نمونه، فانروفیت‌ها در تمایز گروه‌های اکولوژیک بی ‌تأثیر بودند. 2 Do climatic variations and drought magnitude affect large-scale vegetation composition in the Central Zagrosian forests, and to what extent do topographic variables of altitude and aspect play a role in these potential differences? To answer this question, in this research, the flora list of 15 Central Zagros forests was obtained in five plant life forms between the valleys of two rivers, Gerdbisheh and Bazeft, over the distance of 170 km, using 226 half-hectare sample plots. Two-way cluster analysis and multi-reference permutation procedures (MRPP) were used to validate significant differences in plant composition at the landscape level. Subsequently, plant communities were divided into three ecological groups: eastern, central and western. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to determine the correlation between changing plant composition and climatic and topographic variables as well as plant life forms. The results showed that forests in the western ecological group are significantly and positively correlated with the De Marton aridity index, while the drought magnitude differentiates the other two ecological groups. Also, altitude had a significant effect on differentiating the eastern and central ecological groups. The main difference between the three ecological groups in terms of plant life forms, was due to the significant correlation of Therophytes, Cryptophytes and Hemicryptophytes with the driest ecological group (eastern). Despite the fact that all the plots were covered with forests, Phanerophytes were not effective in distinguishing ecological groups. 27 43 2021/12/262022/02/202022/02/16 1400/11/27 2022/06/72022/07/42022/07/27 1401/5/5 فروغ بهمنی F. Bahmani دانشگاه شهرکرد ایران Foroogh_bahmani@yahoo.com علی سلطانی A. Soltani دانشگاه شهرکرد ایران ali.soltani@sku.ac.ir داود مافی غلامی D. 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پایش تغییرات فراوانی پوسته استراکودها در مغزه رسوبی (مطالعه موردی: تالاب بین‌المللی گاوخونی) Monitoring the Frequency Changes of Ostracod Shells in the Sediment Core (Case Study: Gavkhooni International Wetland) 1 1 پایش تغییرات فراوانی پوسته سخت غیرقابل تجزیه استراکدها می‌تواند به عنوان یک شاخص زیستی، اطلاعات ارزشمندی را از شرایط گذشته رسوبات تالاب‌های داخلی ارائه دهد. بدین منظور مغزه رسوبی با طول 38 سانتی‌متر در محدوده ابتدای دلتای تالاب بین‌المللی گاوخونی (ایستگاه شاخ کنار) با استفاده از نمونه بردار مغزه‌گیر رسوب ایستا در فروردین 1398 برداشت شد و شمارش تعداد پوسته استراکودها در 5 گروه اندازه ذرات همزمان با تعیین مشخصات فیزیکی رسوبات (دانه‌بندی، چگالی و درصد رطوبت) انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصل نشان می‌دهد ضریب همبستگی منفی معنی‌دار (0/686- تا 0/477- = r) بین تراکم گروه‌های اندازه غالب استراکودها با درصد سنگریزه و ماسه برقرار است. همچنین نتایج نشانگر ضریب همبستگی مثبت معنی‌دار (0/579 تا 0/638 = r) بین تراکم گروه‌ها با میزان سیلت و رس است. از همبستگی منفی استراکودها با ذرات درشت‌دانه می‌توان استنباط کرد که احتمالاً در این منطقه شرایط پرانرژی محیطی مثل سیلاب‌های فصلی و سیلاب‌های عظیم در دوران ترسالی باعث کاهش تراکم استراکودها شده است. در حالیکه بر هم خوردن رژیم هیدروژیکی طبیعی رودخانه زایند‌رود و نرسیدن سیلاب‌های شدید به دلتای رودخانه‌ در سه دهه اخیر باعث کاهش انرژی محیطی دلتا و افزایش درصد ذرات سیلت و رس و تراکم استراکدها شده است. 2 Monitoring the frequency changes of hard and non-degradable ostracod shells can provide valuable information about the past conditions of inland wetlands sediments as a biological index. In this regard, a sediment core with a length of 38 cm was harvested using a static sediment core sampler at the beginning of the delta of Gavkhooni international wetland (Shakh-Kenar station) in April 2019, and the number of ostracod shells were counted in five groups of particle size simultaneously with determining the physical characteristics of sediments (particle size distribution, density, and moisture content). The results show that there is a significant negative correlation coefficient (r = -0.686 to -0.477) between the density of the dominant size groups of ostracods with the percentage of gravel and sand. Also, the results show a significant positive correlation coefficient (r = 0.579 to 0.638) between the density of these groups with the amount of silt and clay.Based on to the negative correlation of ostracods with coarse particles, it can be inferred that high-energy environmental conditions such as seasonal floods and massive floods during the wet season have potentially reduced the density of ostracods in this region. While the disruption of the natural hydraulic regime of the Zayandehrud River and the lack of heavy floods in the river delta in the last three decades have reduced the environmental energy of the delta and increased the percentage of silt and clay particles, and the density of ostracods. 45 59 2021/12/262022/02/202022/02/162022/05/4 1401/2/14 2022/06/72022/07/42022/07/272022/08/3 1401/5/12 ارغوان گرانمایه A. Geranmayeh دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان ایران a.geranmayeh@na.iut.ac.ir محمد نعمتی ورنوسفادرانی M. Nemati Varnosfaderany دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان ایران nemati@iut.ac.ir Ostracod Core sediment Environmental archive Zayandehrud delta استراکد مغزه رسوبی آرشیو طبیعی دلتای زاینده‌رود 1. Abou Zaki , N., A. Torabi Haghighi, P. M. Rossi, M. J. Tourian, A. Bakhshaee, and B. Kløve. 2020. Evaluating impacts of irrigation and drought on river, groundwater and a terminal wetland in the Zayanderud Basin, Iran. Water 12(5): 1302. ##2. Akbari, M., N. Toomanian, P. Droogers, W. Bastiaanssen, and A. Gieske. 2007. Monitoring irrigation performance in Esfahan, Iran, using NOAA satellite imagery. Agricultural Water Management 88(1-3): 99-109. ##3. Barik, S. S., R. K. Singh, S. Hussain, S. Tripathy, and C. A. A. Zarikian. 2021. Spatial and seasonal distribution of Ostracoda in a lagoonal environment along the northeastern coast of India: Implications to assess coastal ecology and paleoenvironment. Marine Micropaleontology 174: 102082. ##4. Bhowmik, S. 2022. 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تجزیه و تحلیل روند تغییرات جمعیت زمستان گذران و جوجه آور اردک سرسفید (Oxyura leucocephala) در ایران Analysis of Population, Breeding Status and Wintering Habitats of White-Headed Duck (Oxyura Leucocephala) in Iran 1 1 در این مطالعه روند تغییرات جمعیت زمستان‌گذران و جوجه‌آور اردک سرسفید (Oxyura leucocephala) به عنوان یک گونه در خطر انقراض با استفاده از داده‌های سرشماری زمستانه سال¬های ۱۳۹۸-۱۳۴۷ و گزارش¬های جوجه¬آوری این گونه در تابستان دهه 1390 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روند تغییرات جمعیت زمستان‌گذران گونه با استفاده از بسته آماری RTRIM در نرم¬افزار R محاسبه گردید. نتایج این مطالعه حاکی از افزایش شدید جمعیت در ایران با شیب 21/3 درصد در سال بود. با این وجود، افزایش جمعیت طی ده سال اخیر شیب ملایم¬تری داشته است. میانگین جمعیت زمستان¬گذران اردک سرسفید در ایران، ۱۲۶/۳ ± ۴۷۰/۴ فرد طی ۴۴ سال شمارش در مجموع ۱۴ استان و ۴۵ تالاب بوده است. به طور میانگین، 41/6 درصد جمعیت در استان مازندران، 25/1 درصد در فارس، 18/6 درصد در گلستان و ۴/۴ درصد در خوزستان و 10/3 درصد در سایر استان¬ها بوده است. جمعیت جوجه‌آور اردک سرسفید در ایران بین 103 تا 301 جفت برآورد شد و جمعیت جوجه‌آور این گونه در ایران نسبت به دهه¬های گذشته افزایش یافته است. شایسته است برای حفاظت از گونۀ اردک سرسفید، یک برنامه عمل یک¬پارچه، جامع و گونه‌محور، بر پایۀ شرایط آب و هوایی و جغرافیایی زیستگاه-های تالابی گونه در سطح ملی تدوین گردد. 2 In this study, the trend of overwintering and breeding populations of the endangered white-headed duck Oxyura leucocephala was studied using 52 years of mid-winter waterbirds census in Iran (1969–2020) and breeding reports of the species in the 2010s. The trend of species population changes was calculated using RTRIM statistical package in R software. Species population in Iran indicates a substantial increase of 21.3% per year and a moderate increase of 4.4% per year over the last ten years. The results showed that the average annual total population of white-headed duck, overwintering in Iran, was 470.4 ± 126.3 over the past 44 years, covering 14 provinces and 45 wetlands. On average, 41.6% of the population was in Mazandaran province, 25.1% in Fars province, 18.6% in Golestan province, 4.4% in Khuzestan province, and 10.3% in other provinces. The breeding population of white-headed duck in Iran was estimated between 103 and 301 pairs, showing that the breeding population of the species in Iran has increased compared to the past decades. In order to protect this species, it is appropriate to develop a coherent and species-oriented action plan based on the climatic and geographical conditions of the wetland habitats of the species at the national level. 61 75 2021/12/262022/02/202022/02/162022/05/42022/03/12 1400/12/21 2022/06/72022/07/42022/07/272022/08/32022/08/15 1401/5/24 فرهاد حسینی طایفه F. Hosseini Tayefeh پژوهشکده محیط ز یست و توسعه پایدار ایران farhadtayefeh@gmail.com عباس عاشوری A. Ashoori اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست گیلان ایران abbasashoori67@gmail.com منا ایزدیان M. Izadian پژوهشکده محیطز یست و توسعه پایدار ایران izadian.mona@gmail.com سید قاسم قربان زاده زعفرانی S. Gh. Ghorbanzadeh Zaferani پژوهشکده محیطز یست و توسعه پایدار ایران ghorbanzadeh110@yahoo.com Endangered species Endangered Census RTRIM statistical package Wetland Conservation در خطر انقراض سرشماری بسته آماری RTRIM تالاب حفاظت 1. Association of the Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK). 2016. 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Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK, 1648p.##13. Green, A. J. and J. Hunter. 1996. The declining white-headed duck: a call for information. Threatened Waterfowl Research Group Newsletter 1: 19-21.##14. Gursoy- Ergen, A. 2019. Hope for the white-headed duck, Oxyura leucocephala. (Aves: Anatidae) in Turkey despite a declining breeding population and abandonment of its traditional wintering area?. Zoology in the Middle East 62 (2): 1-12.##15. Hughes, B., J. A. Robinson, A. J. Green, Z. W. D. Li and T. Mundkur. 2006. International single species action plan for the conservation of the white-headed duck Oxyura leucocephala. CMS Technical Series No. 13 & AEWA Technical Series No.8. Bonn, Germany.##16. Kaboli, M., M. Aliabadian, M. Tohidifar, A. Hashemi and C.S. Roselaar. 2012. Atlas of Birds of Iran. Iran Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran. [In Farsi].##17. Koshkina, A. I., A. V. Koshkin, A. Y. Timoshenko and H. Schielzeth. 2016. Results of white-headed duck monitoring at key sites in Akmola, Kostanai and North Kazakhstan provinces in 2016-2016. Selevinia 24: 117-123. ##18. Li, Z. W. D. and T. Mundkur. 2003. Status Overview and Recommendations for Conservation of the white-headed duck Oxyura leucocephala in Central Asia (Wetlands International Global Series). Wetlands International, Kuala Lumpur. ##19. Musil, P., Z. Musilová, R. Fuchs and S. Poláková. 2011. Long-term changes in numbers and distribution of wintering waterbirds in the Czech Republic, 1966–2008. Bird Study 58 (4): 450-460.##20. Nagy, S. and T. Langendoen. 2017. Flyway Trend Analyses Based on Data from the African-Eurasian Waterbird Census from the Period of 1967-2015, Wetlands International, The Netherlands.##21. Nergiz, H., M. A. Tabur and Y. Ayvaz. 2014. Population sizes and migration times of the white-headed duck, Oxyura leucocephala (Scopoli, 1769), in Turkey. Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology 4(2): 20-22.##22. Pannekoek, J. and A. J. Van Strien. 2005 TRIM 3 Manual (TRends and Indices for Monitoring Data). Statistics Netherlands, Voorburg, The Netherlands.##23. Scott, D. A. 2010. Results of mid-winter waterbird counts in Iran in the early 1970s. Podoces 5(1): 11-28##24. Scott, D. A. 2007. A review of the status of the breeding waterbirds in Iran in the 1970s. Podoces 2 (1), 1-21. ##25. Sebastián-González, E., C., Fuentes, M., Ferrández, J. L., Echevarrías and A. J. Green. 2013. Habitat selection of marbled teal and white-headed duck during the breeding and wintering seasons in south-eastern Spain. Bird Conservation International 23 (3): 344-359.##26. Sefidian, S. and A. Salman Mahini .2016. White- headed duck population dynamics modeling (Case Study: The wetlands of Golestan Province, Iran). 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تحلیل لکه‌های داغ سنجه‌های سیمای سرزمین و شاخص رواناب سیمای سرزمین در استان اردبیل Hot Spots Analysis of Landscape Metrics and Runoff Landscape Index in Ardabil Province 1 1 لکه‌های داغ به مکان‌هایی مربوط می‌شوند که در آن‌ها فرآیندی غیرعادی رخ داده است. شناسایی این لکه‌ها از لحاظ بوم‌شناختی می‌تواند به کارشناسان و مدیران در تحلیل وضعیت سلامت و پایداری کمک شایانی نماید. لذا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل خودهمبستگی فضایی و شناسایی لکه‌های داغ مربوط به 11 سنجه سیمای سرزمین، شاخص رواناب سیمای سرزمین (Runoff Landscape Index, RLI) و عامل‌های مرتبط با آن در 28 حوضه استان اردبیل انجام شد. میانگین مقادیر مثبت شاخص z حاصل از شاخص موران (Moran) بیان‌گر وجود همبستگی مکانی در حوضه‌های مورد مطالعه است. هم‌چنین، نتایج موران محلی نشان داد که سنجه‌های مورد بررسی دارای الگوی فضایی ساختاریافته در منطقه‌ مطالعاتی هستند و به‌صورت تصادفی توزیع نشده‌اند. الگوی کاملاً تک قطبی برای عامل پوشش زمین (λC)، عامل خاک (λK) و RLI یافت شد. مقادیر منفی شاخص موران محلی نیز برای عامل توپوگرافی (λs) الگوی پراکنده را اثبات کرد. توزیع مکانی لکه‌های داغ و سرد با استفاده از شاخص گتیس-ارد جی (Getis-Ord-Gi) نشان داد که λC در حوضه‌های احمدکندی، اکبرداود، درو، مشیران، فیروزآباد، لای، نیر و هیر فاقد الگوی معنی‌دار و در حوضه‌های ایریل، نمین و ننه‌کران دارای لکه‌های سرد در سطح اطمینان 90 درصد بوده است. سایر حوضه‌ها، لکه‌های داغ در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد را به خود اختصاص دادند. شاخص رواناب سیمای سرزمین در حوضه‌های احمدکندی، اکبرداود، درو، مشیران، فیروزآباد، لای، نیر و هیر فاقد الگوی معنی‌دار بوده و لکه‌های داغ آن در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد در سایر حوضه‌ها شناسایی شد. 2 Hot spots are often associated with places where an abnormal process has occurred. Accordingly, their identification can help experts and managers to scrutinize the state of health and sustainability, from an ecological point of view. The present study was therefore conducted to analyze the spatial autocorrelation and identify hot spots of 11 landscape metrics, the new Runoff Landscape Index (RLI), and its related factors in 28 watersheds of Ardabil province. The average positive values of the z score obtained from Moran's index indicate the presence of spatial correlation in the studied watersheds. In addition, the results of local Moran's showed that the landscape metrics have a structured spatial pattern and are not randomly distributed. A completely unipolar pattern was obtained for land cover factor (λC), soil factor (λK), and RLI. Furthermore, the negative values of the local Moran's index for the topographic factor (λS) proved the scattered pattern. Spatial distribution of hot and cold spots, using the Getis-Ord-Gi index, showed no significant pattern in the λC of Ahmadkandi, Akbardavod, Deru, Mashiran, Firozabad, Lai, Nir, and Hir watersheds. Cold spots were observed in the Eiril, Namin, and Nanehkaran watersheds at the 90% confidence level and the rest of watersheds had hot spots at a 95% confidence level. The RLIs of Ahmadkandi, Akbardavod, Deru, Mashiran, Firozabad, Lai, Nir, and Hir watersheds lack a significant pattern, and the rest of watersheds showed the hot spots at a 95% confidence level. 77 96 2021/12/262022/02/202022/02/162022/05/42022/03/122022/03/14 1400/12/23 2022/06/72022/07/42022/07/272022/08/32022/08/152022/08/22 1401/5/31 علی رسول‌زاده A. Rasoulzadeh دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی ایران rasoulzadeh@uma.ac.ir زینب حزباوی Z. Hazbavi دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی ایران z.hazbavi@uma.ac.ir جوانشیر عزیزی مبصر J. Azizi Mobaser دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی ایران ja_mobaser@uma.ac.ir رئوف مصطفی‌زاده R. 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