<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<XML>
<JOURNAL>
<YEAR>1398</YEAR>
<VOL>8</VOL>
<NO>2</NO>
<MOSALSAL>28</MOSALSAL>
<PAGE_NO>92</PAGE_NO>


<ARTICLES>

	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>شناسایی پناهگاه‌های اقلیمی بالقوه به‌منظور حفاظت از جمعیت‌های آهوی گواتردار
 (Gazella subgutturosa) در مواجه با تغییر اقلیم (مطالعه موردی: ایران مرکزی)
</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Identifying Potential Climatic Refugia to Protect Populations of Goitered Gazelle (Gazelle subgutturosa) in the Face of Climate Change (A case Study: Central Iran)
</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>طرح&#8204;ریزی حفاظتی بر مبنای پراکنش گونه&#8204;ها در آینده از جمله مهم&#8204;ترین رویکردهای سازشی در کاهش پیامدهای منفی تغییر اقلیم بر گونه&#8204;ها است. در این مطالعه، پیامدهای تغییر اقلیم در آینده (تا سال 2070) بر پراکنش آهوی گواتردار (Gazellea subgutturosa) در مناطق مرکزی ایران (استان&#8204;های اصفهان، سمنان، فارس و یزد) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به این منظور، یک رویکرد مدل&#8204;سازی اجماعی با استفاده از پنج الگوریتم مدل&#8204;سازی پراکنش گونه&#8204;ای با در&#8204;نظر گرفتن دو سناریوی اقلیمی RCP 2.6 و RCP 8.5 استفاده شد. به&#8204;علاوه، با مقایسه پراکنش کنونی و آینده گونه، مناطق زیستگاهی که در آینده مطلوبیت آنها حفظ شده و پتانسیل عملکرد به&#8204;عنوان پناهگاه اقلیمی دارند شناسایی شدند. بر اساس نتایج به&#8204;دست آمده، حدود 61700 کیلومتر مربع (15/3 درصد) از کل منطقه مورد مطالعه به&#8204;عنوان زیستگاه مطلوب گونه در شرایط کنونی براورد شد. پیش&#8204;بینی&#8204;ها نشان می&#8204;دهد که آهوی گواتردار تا سال 2070، به&#8204;ترتیب حدود 46 و 70 درصد زیستگاه&#8204;های خود را بر اساس سناریوی RCP 2.6 و RCP 8.5 از دست خواهد داد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که تنها بخشی از زیستگاه&#8204;های واقع در عرض&#8204;های جغرافیایی بالا (در استان&#8204;های سمنان و اصفهان) که شرایط اقلیمی مساعدی دارند پتانسیل عملکرد به&#8204;عنوان پناهگاه اقلیمی در آینده را داشته&#8204;اند که با در&#8204;نظر گرفتن سناریوی حداکثر تغییر اقلیم (RCP 8.5)، تمامی پناهگاه&#8204;های اقلیمی واقع در استان اصفهان به&#8204;جز مناطق واقع در پناهگاه حیات وحش موته نیز از بین خواهند رفت. توسعه شبکه مناطق حفاظت&#8204;شده کنونی و برقراری ارتباط زیستگاهی بر مبنای پراکنش پناهگاه&#8204;های اقلیمی و همچنین ارتقاء سطح حفاظتی مناطق شکار&#8204;ممنوع و پناهگاه&#8204;های حیات وحش از جمله رویکردهای مدیریتی پیشنهادی در راستای حفاظت مؤثر از آهوی گواتردار در مواجه با تغییر اقلیم آینده هستند.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Currently, conservation planning based on the future distribution of species is among the most important adaptive conservation approaches to reduce the&#160; negative impacts of climate change on species. In this study, by adapting an ensemble modelling approach, scenarios of RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 and five global circulation models,&#160; the distribution of Goitered gazelle (Gazellea subgutturosa) under climate change was predicted in the central Iran (Isfahan, Semnan, Markazi, Fars and Yazd provinces). In addition, by comparing the current and future distributions, suitable habitats that would remain so in the future with the potential to function as climatic refugia were identified. The results revealed that by 2070, Goitered gazelle will have lost 46% and 70% of its habitats based on RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5, respectively. Across central Iran, only proportions of habitats in Isfahan and Semnan at higher latitudes were predicted to function as the climatic refugia. Based on RCP 8.5, however, all refugia in Isfahan, except for those in Mooteh Wildlife Refuge, were projected to disappear. According to the findings of this study, expanding the protected network and increasing connectivity in the areas where refugia are distributed, and enhancing the protection status of key no-hunting areas and wildlife refugees are recommended as the management approaches for the effective conservation of this species against climate change.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>1</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>15</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2019/01/26
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1397/11/6
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2019/06/9
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1398/3/19
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>شیما</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>ملکوتی خواه</Family>
				<NameE>Sh.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Malakoutikhah</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>s.malakouti@na.iut.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سیما</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>فاخران</Family>
				<NameE>S.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Fakheran</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>fakheran@cc.iut.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>محمود رضا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>همامی</Family>
				<NameE>M. R.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Hemami</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>mrhemami@cc.iut.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مصطفی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>ترکش</Family>
				<NameE>M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Tarkesh</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>m_tarkesh@cc.iut.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>جوزف</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>سن</Family>
				<NameE>J.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Senn</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>موسسه تحقیقات فدرال سوییس</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>سوئیس</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>josef.senn@wsl.ch</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Vulnerable ungulates</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Ensemble modelling approach</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Protected areas</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Landscape connectivity</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Climatic refugia</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>سم‌داران آسیب‌پذیر</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>رویکرد مدل‌سازی اجماعی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>مناطق حفاظت‌شده</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ارتباط سیمای سرزمین</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>پناهگاه‌های اقلیمی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
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Brambilla, M., E. Caprio, G. Assandri, D. Scridel, E. Bassi, R. Bionda, C. Celada, R. Falco, G. Bogliani, P.Pedrini and A. Rolando. 2017. A spatially explicit definition of conservation priorities according to population resistance and resilience, species importance and level of threat in a changing climate. Diversity and Distributions 23(7): 727-738.##6.	Cardillo, M., G. M. Mace, K. E. Jones, J. Bielby, O. R. Bininda-Emonds, W. Sechrest, C. D. L. Orme and A. Purvis. 2005. Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species. Science 309: 1239-1241.##7.	 Ceballos, G., and P. R. Ehrlich. 2002. Mammal population losses and the extinction crisis. Science 296: 904-907.##8.	Clemen, R. T. 1989. Combining forecasts: A review and annotated bibliography. International Journal of Forecasting 5: 559-583.##9.	 Davidson, A. D., M. J. Hamilton, A. G. Boyer, J. H. Brown and G. Ceballos. 2009. Multiple ecological pathways to extinction in mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:10702-10705.##10.	 Deb, J. C., S. Phinn, N. Butt and C. A. McAlpine. 2019. Adaptive management and planning for the conservation of four threatened large Asian mammals in a changing climate. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 24(2): 259-280.##11.	Ebrahimi, A., A. Farashi and A. Rashki. 2017. Habitat suitability of Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) in Iran in future. Environmental Earth Sciences 76(20): 697.##12.	 Elith, J., C. H. Graham, R. P. Anderson, M. Dudık, S. Ferrier, A. Guisan and N. E. Zimmermann. 2006. Novel methods improve prediction of species’ distributions from occurrence data. Ecography 29: 129-151.##13.	Fadakar, D., H. Rezaei, M. Naseri, M. Mirzakhah, S. Naderi and W. Zamani. 2013. Phylogenetic analysis of Persian Gazella, Gazella subgutturosa (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) based on cytochrome b in central Iran. Molecular Biology Research Communications 2(4): 151-159.##14.	Forester, B. R., E. G. De Chaine and A. G. Bunn. 2013. Integrating ensemble species distribution modelling and statistical phylogeography to inform projections of climate change impacts on species distributions. Diversity and Distributions 19(12): 1480-1495.##15.	Guisan, A. and W. Thuiller. 2005. Predicting species distribution: offering more than simple habitat models. Ecology Letters 8: 993-1009.##16.	Haidarian Aghakhani, M., R. Z. Tamartash, M. Jafarian, M. Tarkesh Esfahani and M. Tatian. 2017. Predicting the impacts of climate change on Persian oak (Quercus brantii) using Species Distribution Modelling in Central Zagros for conservation planning. Iranian Journal of Environmental Studies 43(3): 497-511. (In Farsi).##17.	Hemami, M. R. and C. P. Groves. 2001. Global antelope survey and regional action plans: Iran. pp. 114 -118. In: Mallon D. P. and S. C. Kingswood (Eds.), Antelopes: Part 4. North Africa, the Middle East and Asia. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ##18.	 Hsu, J. S., J. Powell and P. B. Adler. 2012. Sensitivity of mean annual primary production to precipitation. Global Change Biology 18(7): 2246-2255.##19.	 Huete, A. R. A. 1988. Soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Remote Sensing of Environment 25: 295-309.##20.	 Kafash, A., M. Kaboli and G. Kohler. 2014. Predicting the impacts of climate change on the Mesopotamian Spiny-tailed Lizard (Saara loricata): Using maximum entropy algorithm and Bioclim. Iranian Journal of Animal Biology 7(1): 75-82. (In Farsi).##21.	Karger, D. N., O. Conrad, J. Böhner, T. Kawohl, H. Kreft, R. W. Soria-Auza, N. E. Zimmermann, H. P. Lider and M. Kessler. 2017. Climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas. Scientific Data 4: 170122.##22.	Keppel, G., K. P. Van Niel, G. W. Wardell-Johnson, C. J. Yates, M. Byrne, L. Mucina, A. G. Schut., S. D. Hopper and S. E. Franklin. 2012. Refugia: Identifying and understanding safe havens for biodiversity under climate change. Global Ecology and Biogeography 21: 393-404.##23.	Khosravi, R., M. R. Hemami, M. Malekian, A. Flint and L. Flint. 2016. Maxent modeling for predicting potential distribution of goitered gazelle in central Iran: the effect of extent and grain size on performance of the model. Turkish Journal of Zoology 40(4): 574-585.##24.	Khosravi, R., M. R. Hemami, M. Malekian, T. L. Silva, H. R. Rezaei and J. C. Brito. 2018. Effect of landscape features on genetic structure of the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Central Iran. Conservation Genetics 19(2): 323-336.##25.	Luo, Z., Z. Jiang and S. Tang. 2015. Impacts of climate change on distributions and diversity of ungulates on the Tibetan Plateau. Ecological Applications 25(1): 24-38.##26.	Malakoutikhah, Sh., S. Fakheran and A. R. Soffianian. 2013. Applying circuitscape theory to identify migration corridors between Mooteh and Ghamishloo wildlife refuges in Isfahan province-Iran. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology 2(5): 77-98. (In Farsi).##27.	Meller, L., M. Cabeza, S. Pironon, M. Barbet‐Massin, L. Maiorano, D. Georges and W. Thuiller. 2014. Ensemble distribution models in conservation prioritization: from consensus predictions to consensus reserve networks. Diversity and Distributions 20(3): 309-321.##28.	Michalak, J. L., J. J. Lawler, D. R. Roberts and C. Carroll. 2018. Distribution and protection of climatic refugia in North America. Conservation Biology 32(6): 1414-1425.##29.	Morelli, T. L., C. Daly, S. Z. Dobrowski, D. M. Dulen, J. L. Ebersole, S. T. Jackson, J. D. Lundquist, C. I. Millar, S. P. Maher and W. B. Monahan. 2016. Managing climate change refugia for climate adaptation. PLoSone 11: e0159909.##30.	 Patton, D. R. 1992. Wildlife habitat relationships in forested ecosystems. Timber Press, p. 442.##31.	 Rezvani, A., S. Fakhran and A. Sofianian. 2016. Modeling the geographic distribution of wild ram in the face of climate change. The First International Conference on the Geographic Information System of the Silk Road, Isfahan, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 24 May. (In Farsi).##32.	Salas, E. A. L., R. Valdez, S. Michel and K. G. Boykin. 2018. Habitat assessment of Marco Polo sheep (Ovis ammon polii) in Eastern Tajikistan: Modeling the effects of climate change. Ecology and Evolution 8(10): 5124-5138.##33.	Selwood, K. E., J. R. Thomson, R. H. Clarke, M. A. McGeoch and R. MacNally. 2015. Resistance and resilience of terrestrial birds in drying climates: Do floodplains provide drought refugia? Global Ecology and Biogeography 24(7): 838-848.##34.	Taleshi, H., S. Jalali, J. Alavi, S. Hosseini and B. Naimi. 2018. Climate change impacts on the distribution of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipski) in the Hyrcanian Forests of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest 10(2): 251-266. (In Farsi).##35.	Tang, C. Q., Y. F. Dong, S. Herrando-Moraira, T. Matsui, H. Ohashi, L.Y. He, K. Nakao, N. Tanaka, M. Tomita, X. S. Li and H. Z. Yan. 2017. Potential effects of climate change on geographic distribution of the tertiary relict tree species Davidia involucrata in China. Scientific Reports 7: 43822.##36.	Thuiller, W., B. Lafourcade, R. Engler and M. B. Araújo. 2009. BIOMOD- A platform for ensemble forecasting of species distributions. Ecography 32: 369-373.##37.	Yousefi, M., M. Ahmadi, E. Nourani, A. Rezaei, A. Kafash, A. Khani, M. E. Sehhatisabet, M. A. Adibi, F. Goudarzi and M. Kaboli. 2017. Habitat suitability and impacts of climate change on the distribution of wintering population of Asian Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii) in Iran. Bird Conservation International 27(2): 294-304.##38.	Yousefi, M., M. Ahmadi, E. Nourani, R. Behrooz, M. Rajabizadeh, P. Geniez and M. Kaboli. 2015. Upward altitudinal shifts in habitat suitability of mountain vipers since the last glacial maximum. PloSone 10(9): p.e0138087.## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>اثر تسهیل بوته‌های مرتعی گون و درمنه بر تنوع گونه‌ای گیاهی در امتداد گرادیان چرای دام</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Facilitation Effects of the Rangeland Shrubs Astragalus chrysostachys Boiss and Artemisia kopetdaghensis (Poljakov) Y.R.Ling on the Species Diversity, Along a Gradient of Livestock Grazing</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>گونه&#8204;های خاردار و اسانس&#8204;دار موجود در مرتع می&#8204;توانند نقش مهمی در حفاظت از تنوع زیستی گیاهان مرتعی بر عهده داشته باشند، اما در مورد نقش این بوته&#8204;ها در سطوح مختلف چرای دام پژوهش&#8204;های کمتری انجام شده است. در این پژوهش، اثر تسهیل بوته&#8204;های خاردار گون (Astragalus chrysostachys Boiss.) و بوته&#8204;های اسانس&#8204;دار درمنه (Artemisia kopetdaghensis (Poljakov) Y.R.Ling) بر تنوع گونه&#8204;ای بررسی شد. پنج سایت با شدت چرای بسیار کم تا خیلی شدید در مراتع بهارکیش قوچان در اردیبهشت ماه سال 1396 انتخاب شد. در هر سایت، 30 پلات زوجی در زیراشکوب گونه&#8204;های پرستار و فضای باز مجاور آنها مستقر، و تعداد، فراوانی و درصد پوشش گونه&#8204;های گیاهی ثبت شد. با افزایش شدت چرا شاخص&#8204;های تنوع گونه&#8204;ای در زیراشکوب و فضای باز کاهش یافت، ولی تنوع و غنای زیراشکوب همواره بیشتر از فضای باز بود. در اغلب شدت&#8204;های چرا، تنوع زیراشکوب درمنه بیشتر از گون بود، اما تحت چرای بسیار شدید، اثر حفاظتی درمنه به&#8204;شدت کاهش یافت و اثر تسهیل گون پایدار ماند. در&#8204;نتیجه&#8204; در مناطق دارای چرای شدید (محل اتراق دام&#8204;ها) گونه&#8204;های بوته&#8204;ای اسانس دار(درمنه) نیز در اثر چرای دام آسیب می&#8204;بینند و گونه&#8204;های بوته&#8204;ای خاردار (گون و کلاه میرحسن) ممکن است اثر پرستاری خود را تا حد زیادی حفظ کنند.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Spiny and aromatic species in rangelands can play important role in the conservation of plant species in rangelands; however, few studies&#160; have been done on the role of these plants under different levels of livestock grazing. In this research, the facilitation effects of spiny (Astragalus chrysostachys Boiss) and aromatic (Artemisia kopetdaghensis (Poljakov) Y.R.Ling) shrubs were studied on species diversity along a grazing gradient. In 2017, five sites were selected in Baharkish rangelands, Quchan, where the livestock grazing varied from low to very intense. In each site, 30 twin plots were established under a canopy of the nurse shrubs and their nearby open spaces. Density, frequency and canopy cover of all plants were measured within the plots. Species diversity were reduced by increasing the grazing intensity, but it was consistently higher under canopy. In the highest grazing intensities, species diversity was higher under the canopy of Artemisia than Astragalus; however, opposite results were found under the high grazing intensity. In conclusion, in the areas of high grazing (livestock rest points), the aromatic species (Artemisia) may not be protected against livestock grazing, and spiny shrubs (Astregalus and Acantholimon) may still maintain their nursing effects.
&#160;</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>17</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>29</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2019/01/262019/01/5
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1397/10/15
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2019/06/92019/07/8
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1398/4/17
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>فاطمه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>محمدآبادی</Family>
				<NameE>F.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Mohammadabadi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>f.mohammadabadi94@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>محمد</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>فرزام</Family>
				<NameE>M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Farzam</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>mjankju@um.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>حمید</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>اجتهادی</Family>
				<NameE>H.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Ejtehadi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>hejtehadi@um.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Nurse species</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Rangeland shrubs</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Understory</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Diversity indices</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>گونه پرستار</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>بوته‌های مرتعی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>زیراشکوب</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>شاخص‌های تنوع</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>. Anthelme, F., R. Michalet and M. Saadou. 2007. Positive associations involving the tussock grass Panicum turgidum Forssk. In the Air -Tenere Reserve, Niger. Journal of Arid Environments 68: 348-362.##2. Azarnivand, H. and M. A. Zare Chahuki. 2008. Rangeland Improvement. Tehran University Press, p. 356. (In Farsi).##3. Behdad, A. 2011. Investigating the effect of Artemisia khorasanica Podl allelopathy in different growth stages and germination on growth and some physiological processes in Bromus kopetdaghensis Drobov. MSc Dissertation. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran. (In Farsi)##4. Callaway, R. M., Z. Kikvidze and D. Kikodze. 2000. Facilitation by unpalatable weeds may conserve plant diversity in overgrazed meadows in the Caucasus Mountains. Oikos 89: 275-282.##5. Callaway, R. M. 2007. Positive Interactions and Interdependence in Plant Communities. Springer, Berlin, p. 404.##6. Castro, J., R. Zamora, J. A. Hodar and J. M. Gomez. 2002. Use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restoration Ecology 10(2): 297-305.##7. Ejtehadi, H., A. Sepehri and H. R. Akafi. 2010. Biodiversity Measurement Methods. Ferdowsi University Press, p. 230. (In Farsi)##8. Garcia, D. and J. R. Obeso. 2003. Facilitation by herbivore-mediated nurse plants in a threatened tree, Taxusbaccata: local effects and landscape level consistency. Journal of Ecography 26: 739-750.##9. Gholami, P., J. Ghorbani and M. Shokri. 2011. Changes in diversity, richness and functional groups of vegetation in different intensities of livestock grazing (Case study: Mahour Mamsani ranges, Fars Province). Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research 18(4): 675-662. (In Farsi)##10. Gillen, R. L., III, F. T. McCollum, K. W. Tate and M. E. Hodges. 1998. Tallgrass prairie response to grazing system and stocking rate. Journal of Range Management 51(2): 139-146.##11. Graff, P., R. M. Aguiar and E. Chaneton. 2007. Shifts in positive and negative plant interactions along a grazing intensity gradient. Journal of Ecology 88: 188-199.##12. Heidari, Gh. A. and H. R. Saeedi Garghani. 2014. Comparison of variations of species diversity and species richness and vegetative forms in three sites of exploitation (Case study: Southern ranges of Damavand Summit). Journal of Range and Watershed Management 66)4): 537-544. (In Farsi)##13. Jankju, M. 2009. Interaction between (Artemisia aucheri Boiss) and (Bromus tectorum L.) Case Study of Steppe Nastraband Rangelands Yazd Province. Journal of Biology 22)3(: 381-391. (In Farsi)##14. Jankju, M. 2013. Role of nurse shrubs in restoration of an arid rangeland: effects of microclimate on grass establishment. Journal of Arid Environments 89: 103-109.##15. Jankju, M., H. Ejtehadi and H. Hassanpour. 2010. Spatial correlation between shrubs plants and perennial grasses. Rangeland 4(1): 12-22. (In Farsi)##16. Jankju, M., A. Delavari and A. Ganjali. 2008. Interseeding in shrublands. Rangeland. The Scientific and Research Journal of Iranian Range Management Society. 2(4): 314-328. (In Farsi).##17. Khavar, A. 2013. Allelopathic plant effects on biomass and species diversity of rangeland plants. MSc Dissertation. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad. (In Farsi)##18. King, E. G. 2008. Facilitative effects of Aloe secundiflora shrubs in degraded semi-arid rangelands in Kenya. Journal of Arid Environments 72(4): 358-369.##19. Mahdi Kazem, S., H. Ejtehadi and F. Memariani. 2017. The study of the effect of grazing on the vegetation diversity of Golbahar plain in the west of Mashhad. First International Conference on Modern Technologies in Science, Amol, September 16. (In Farsi)##20. Mesdaghi, M. 2000. Study of species richness and growth forms under three levels of grazing in semi-steppe meadows of northeastern Iran. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 7(3): 55-62. (In Farsi).##21. Mesdaghi, M. 2005. Plant Ecology. Mashhad University Press. Mashhad, p. 188. (In Farsi)##22. Mligo, C. 2006. Effect of grazing pressure on plant species composition and diversity in the semi-arid rangelands of Mbulu district, Tanzania. Agricultural Journal 1(4): 277-283.##23. Mohammad Abadi, F., M. Farzam, H. Ejtehadi and R. Yari. 2019. Comparing plant diversity under canopy of shrubs and open areas, under different grazing intensities, in Baharkish rangelands Quchan. Abstract The 7th National Conference on Range and Range Management in Iran. Karaj. May 18-19. (In Farsi)##24. Nikan, M., H. Ejtehadi, M. Jankju, F. Memariani, H. Hassanpour and F. Noadoost. 2012. Floristic study and comparison of plant biodiversity in different grazing intensity (Case Study: Semi Steppe Rangelands of Bahrakish Quchan). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research 19(2): 306-320. (In Farsi).##25. Padilla, F. M. and F. I. Pugnaire. 2006. The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4(4): 196-202.##26. Rebollo, S., D. G. Milchunas, I. Noy‐Meir and P. L. Chapman. 2002. The role of a spiny plant refuge in structuring grazed shortgrass steppe plant communities. Oikos 98(1): 53-64.##27. Rigi, M. and A. Fakhireh. 2014. Study of the effect of different grazing intensities on richness index and vegetation diversity. First National Conference on Agricultural and Environmental Economics Sabalan. (In Farsi).##28. Rostampour, M., M. Jafari, A. Tavili, H. Azarnivand and S. V. Eslami. 2016. Investigating the effects of grazing gradient on plant diversity in dry rangelands (Case Study: Hajiabad Rangelands, Southern Khorasan). Journal of Rangeland manengement 2(1): 1-21. (In Farsi)##29. Sadeghi Shahrakht, T., M. Jankju and M. Mesdaghi. 2015. Investigating the protective effect of nurse plants on understory plants under livestock grazing. Range and Watershed Management Journal 67)1): 73-82. (In Farsi).##30. Sadeghi Shahrakht, T., M. Jankju and M. Mesdaghi. 2015. Effect of different levels of livestock grazing on understory production and canopy structure of three plants Scariola orientalis, Astragalus heratensis, Rosa persica  (Case Study: Ghanabad Kakhak Rangelands). Rangeland 1(1): 16-32. (In Farsi)##31. Shahri, S., M. Jankju and H. Ejtehadi. 2013. Effect of grazing intensity and plant nursing on plant biodiversity in an arid steppe rangeland. Fifth National Conference on Range and Rangeland management, Borujerd. May 26th to 28th. (In Farsi) ##32. Smit, C., C. Vandenberghe, J. Ouden and H. Muller-Scharer. 2007. Nurse plants, tree saplings and grazing pressure: changes in facilitation along a biotic environmental gradient. Journal of Oecologia 152: 265-273.##33. Van Zonneveld, M. J., J. R. Gutierrez and M. Holmgren. 2012. Shrub facilitation increases plant diversity along an arid scrubland-temperate and rain forest boundary in South America. Journal of Vegetation Science 23(3): 541-551.##34. Yaylaghi, Sh., A. Ghorbani, A. Asghari and M. Heydari. 2013. Study of the richness and evenness of the species in the protected areas and under the grazing of Ghoushchi Urmia. Journal of Natural Ecosystems of Iran 4(1): 33-43. (In Farsi).##35. Zamora, J., J. R. Verdú and E. Galante. 2007. Species richness in Mediterranean agroecosystems: spatial and temporal analysis for biodiversity conservation. Biological Conservation 134(1): 113-121.##36. Zaynei Vand, R. A., M. Ajorloo and M. Ariapour. 2015. Effect of grazing intensity on plant species diversity in semi-steppe pastures in Dareh Shahr. National Conference on New Ideas in Sustainable Agriculture, Borujerd, 14 April. (In Farsi).## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>پیش‌بینی فضایی تغییرات زیستگاه منطقه حفاظت‌شده هفتادقله در استان مرکزی ایران </TitleF>
		<TitleE>Predicting Spatial Habitat Changes of Haftad-Gholleh Protected Area in Markazi Province, Iran</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>در سال&#8204;های اخیر منطقه حفاظت شده هفتادقله اراک با تغییرات زیادی مواجه شده است. در این پژوهش از تصاویر ماهواره&#8204;ای لندست مربوط به سال&#8204;های 1375و 1395 استفاده شد. نقشه کاربری اراضی به چهار کلاس مرتع، اراضی کشاورزی، مناطق مسکونی و رخنمون سنگی طبقه&#8204;بندی شدند. پیش&#8204;بینی وضعیت کاربری اراضی و زیستگاه برای سال 1420 با استفاده از نقشه&#8204;های کاربری اراضی و مدل&#8204;های مبتنی بر شبکه&#8204;های عصبی مصنوعی، تحلیل زنجیره مارکوف و رگرسیون لجستیک تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان می&#8204;دهد که بیشترین تغییرات سیمای سرزمین منطقه بین سال&#8204;های 1375 تا 1395 به&#8204;ترتیب مربوط به شاخص&#8204;های فرسایش، تجمع و ایجاد هستند، و بین سال&#8204;های 1395 تا 1420 به&#8204;ترتیب شاخص&#8204;های ایجاد و تجزیه هستند. تغییرات ارزیابی زیستگاه گوسفند وحشی نشان می&#8204;دهد که در سال 1395 معادل 4/5 درصد زیستگاه نسبت به سال 1375 کاهش دارد. با ادامه این روند در سال 1420 معادل 6/5 درصد زیستگاه نسبت به سال 1395 با کاهش مواجه است. ضریب شاخص سطح زیر منحنی مدل رگرسیون لجستیک در ارزیابی زیستگاه معادل 0/9558 است، که نشانگر عملکرد بسیار عالی مدل است. به&#8204;طور کلی راهکار اصولی مهم، جلوگیری از تغییرات کاربری زیستگاه گوسفند وحشی به سایر کاربری&#8204;ها است.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Haftad-Gholleh Area has recently encountered many changes. In this study, by using landsat images of the years 1996 and 2016, landuse maps were classified into four classes including: agriculture, rangeland, residential areas, and rocks. Land Change Modeler (LCM) and Habitat and Biodiversity Modeler (HBM) modules in the Idrisi GIS software were used to analyze the land use changes and habitat evaluation for the prediction of&#160; the land uses status in 2016, based on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Markov Chain analysis and logistic regression. The results showed that most of the changes in the landscape of the region between 1996 and 2016 were related, respectively, to attrition, aggregation and creation indicators; between the years 2016 to 2041, they can be related, respectively, to the creation and dissection indicators. The habitat evaluation showed that 4.5% of the habitat was decreased in 2016, as compared to 1996. With the continuation of this trend, 6.5% of the habitat will fall in 2041, as compared to 2016. Receiver Operating Characteridtic (ROC) of the model also specified that the desirability model validity was equal to 0.9558, showing the excellent performance of logistic regression method. In general, this can be an important principle approach preventing from changes in the habitat of wild sheep to other land uses.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>31</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>46</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2019/01/262019/01/52018/05/17
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1397/2/27
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2019/06/92019/07/82019/07/9
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1398/4/18
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>امیر</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>انصاری</Family>
				<NameE>A.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Ansari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه اراک</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>a_ansari645@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Habitat and biodiversity modeler</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Wild sheep</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Haftad-Gholleh protected area</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Land change modeler and logistic regression.</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Habit and Biodiversity Modeler</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>گوسفند وحشی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>منطقه حفاظت‌شده هفتادقله</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>LCM و رگرسیون لجستیک</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>Bogaert, J., R. Ceulemans and D. Salvador-Van Eysenrode. 2004. Decision tree algorithm for detection of spatial processes in landscape transformation. Environmental Management 33(1): 62-73.##11.	Chuanga W, C. Lina, C. Chiena and W. Choub. 2011. Application of Markov-chain model for vegetation restoration assessment at landslide areas caused by a catastrophic earthquake in Central Taiwan. Ecological Modelling 222: 835-845.##12.	Fu, X., X. Wang and Y. Yang. 2018. Deriving suitability factors for CA-Markov land use simulation model based on local historical data. Journal of Environmental Management 206: 10-19.##13.	Halmy, M., P. Gessler, J. Hicke and B. Salem. 2015. Land use/land cover change detection and prediction in the north-western coastal desert of Egypt using Markov CA. Applied Geography 63: 101-112.##14.	IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. URL:http://www.iucnredlist.org. ##15.	Mas, J. F., M. Kolb, M. Paegelow and M. T. Camacho Olmedo. 2014. Inductive pattern-based land use/cover change models:A comparison of four software pacages. Environment Modelling&#38; Software 51: 94-111.##16.	Perez-Vega, A., J. Mas and A. Ligmann-Zielinska. 2012. Comparing two approaches to land use/cover change modeling and their implications forth assessment of biodiversity loss in deciduous tropical forest. Environmental Modeling and Software 29(1): 11-23.##17.	Verburg, P. H., P. Schot, M. Dijst and A. Veldkamp. 2004. Land use change modelling: current practice and reseach priorities. Geo Journal 61: 309-324.##آرخی، ص. و م. اصفهانی. 1393. آموزش تصویری نرم‌افزار ایدریسی سلوا، انتشارات دانشگاه گلستان.336 ص.##2.	اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست استان مرکزی. 1393. چشم‌انداز مناطق تحت مدیریت محیط زیست در استان مرکزی، انتشارات مهرکتیبه اراک http://markazi.doe.ir/Portal/، ۶۸ ص.##3.	انصاری، ا. 1394. مقایسه مدل مطلوبیت زیستگاه گوسفند وحشی(Ovis orientalis)  با استفاده از روش MAXENT و ENFA در استان مرکزی. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی محیط زیست جانوری 8(2): 16-9.##4.	حسینی، گ.، ب. شمس اسفند‌آباد و ا. علیزاده شعبانی. 1395. ارزیابی مطلوبیت زیستگاه آهوی ایرانی (Gazella subgutturosa) در منطقه حفاظت‌شده هفتاد قله استان مرکزی. محیط زیست طبیعی. منابع طبیعی ایران 69(4): 979-965.##5.	شمس اسفندآباد، ب. 1390. مد‌ل‌سازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه گوسفند وحشی و بز وحشی در مناطق کوهستانی فلات مرکزی ایران، مطالعه موردی: منطقه حفاظت‌شده هفتاد قله. رساله دکتری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، 142 ص.##6.	ضیایی، ه. 1387، راهنمای صحرایی پستانداران ایران، انتشارات کانون آشنایی با حیات وحش، تهران، 419 ص.##7.	باقری، ر. و ش. شتایی. 1389. مد‌ل‌سازی کاهش گستره جنگل با استفاده از رگرسیون لجستیک (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبخیز چهل‌چای استان گلستان). مجله جنگل ایران 2(3): 252-243.##8.	کرمی، پ.، م. کمانگر و س. م. حسینی. 1395، مد‌ل‌سازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه آهوی ایرانی (Gazella subgutturosa) در منطقه شکارممنوع قراویز و استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از شبکه عصبی. مجله پژوهش‌های جانوری (مجله زیست شناسی ایران) 3(29): 352-340.##9.	وفایی، س.، ع. ا. درویش صفت و م، پیر با وقار. 1392. پایش و پیش‌بینی روند تغییرات مکانی کاربری اراضی با استفاده از مدل LCM (مطالعه موردی: منطقه مریوان). مجله جنگل ایران، انجمن جنگلبانی ایران 3(5): 336-323 ## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>مکان‌یابی اکوپارک در منطقه‌ مرکزی استان اصفهان</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Ecopark Site Selection in Central Isfahan Province</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>امروزه وضعیت موجود در شهرها ایجاب می&#8204;کند که پارک&#8204;های برنامه&#8204;ریزی شده به&#8204;منظور برقراری موازنه اکولوژیک احداث شود. بدین منظور در این پژوهش برای شناسایی پهنه&#8204;های مستعد ایجاد اکوپارک در منطقه مرکزی استان اصفهان، معیارهای مؤثر شامل توپوگرافی، سیمای سرزمین، اقلیم، سنگ و خاک، منابع آب، حساسیت زیست محیطی و دسترسی در&#8204;نظر گرفته شد. به&#8204;منظور تعیین وزن معیارها و زیر&#8204;معیارها از روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) با اعمال نظرات کارشناسی استفاده شد. با استفاده از روش ترکیب خطی وزنی (WLC) کلیه لایه&#8204;ها تلفیق شده و تناسب اراضی برای ایجاد اکوپارک ارزیابی شد. پس از ارزیابی و اولویت&#8204;بندی منطقه&#8204;های مناسب در&#8204;نهایت یکی از مناطق با مساحت 85/2 هکتار که در مجاورت بستر رودخانه زاینده&#8204;رود و در باغ بهادران قرار دارد، به&#8204;دلیل داشتن شایستگی ناحیه&#8204;ای سرزمین بالاتر و دسترسی و تسهیلات رفاهی بیشتر و مساحت بیشتر به&#8204;عنوان مناسب&#8204;ترین منطقه برای ایجاد اکوپارک معرفی شد. نتایج حاصل از همپوشانی نقشه تناسب اراضی برای ایجاد اکوپارک و نقشه پارک&#8204;های موجود در منطقه نشان داد که پارک ساحلی سرارود در شهرستان مبارکه و پارک ساحلی زرین شهر از نظر معیارهای در&#8204;نظر گرفته شده در این مطالعه، مکان&#8204;های مناسبی برای این کاربری هستند.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Today&#8217;s situation in cities requires that planned parks be set up to create ecological equilibrium. The current study was&#160; aimed to identify suitable zones for establishing ecoparks in the central region of Isfahan province; this was done using seven effective criteria including topography, landscape, climate, rock and soil, water resources, environmental sensitivity, and accessibility. The weights of the criteria and the subcriteria were obtained using the&#160; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with expert opinions. All layers were combined using weighted linear combination (WLC) and the land suitability maps for ecoparks were produced. After evaluating and prioritizing suitable zones, finally, the zone with an area of 85.2 hectares, which was located in the Bag Bahadoran district and adjacent to the Zayanderood River, was selected as the most suitable one&#160; due to its larger area, more access to the welfare facilities, and higher ecological potentials. Also, the results obtained from overlaying the ecopark&#8217;s land suitability map and the map of existing parks in the region suggested that Sararud coastal park, in Mobarakeh, and the&#160; coastal park, in Zarrin Shahr, can be&#160; suitable places for establishing ecopark in the region.
&#160;</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>47</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>59</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2019/01/262019/01/52018/05/172019/03/3
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1397/12/12
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2019/06/92019/07/82019/07/92019/07/31
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1398/5/9
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>آذین</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>دراهکی</Family>
				<NameE>A.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Darahaki</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>a.derahaki72@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>منصوره</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>ملکیان</Family>
				<NameE>M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Malekian</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>mmalekian@cc.iut.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سعید</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>پورمنافی</Family>
				<NameE>S.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Pourmanafi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>spourmanafi@cc.iut.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Multi-criteria evaluation</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Weighted linear combination</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Geographic information system</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Analytic hierarchy process</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ارزیابی چندمعیاره</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ترکیب خطی وزنی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>Alipour, E., E. Hosseini and B. Alipour. 2012. A comprehensive approach to ecopark to achieve sustainability in modern cities. The First Regional Conference on Architecture &#38; Urban Development, University of Applied Sciences, Saqez, Iran, 17 May 2012.   ##2. Bobade, S. V., B. P. Bhaskar, M. S. Gaikwad, P. Raja, S. S. Gaikwad, S. G. Anantwar, S. V. Patil, S. R. Singh and A. K. Maji. 2010. A GIS-based land use suitability assessment in Seoni district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Tropical Ecology 51(1): 41-54.##3. Chen, Y., J. Yu and S. Khan. 2010. Spatial sensitivity analysis of multi-criteria weights in GIS-based land suitability evaluation. Environmental Modelling &#38; Software 25(12): 1582-1591.##4. Eastman, J. R. 2003. IDRISI Kilimanjaro: guide to GIS and image processing. Clark University, USA, 171 p.##5. Esfandiari, F. and M. Gharchurlu. 2018. Evaluating ecotourism potentials of Ahar county based on fuzzy multicriteria analysis. Geography and Urban Development 26: 45-62. ##6. Georgiou, A. G. and D. Skarlatos. 2016. Optimal site selection for sitting a solar park using multi-criteria decision analysis and geographical information systems. Geoscientific Instrumentation Method and Data Systems 5: 321-332.  ##7. Ghadermarzi, H., S. Kashefidust, J. Ghadermarzi and D. Kashefidust. 2016. Analysis of the spatial-location distribution of green spaces and optimal location of city parks using ANP model and network analysis (case study: Piranshahr). Geography and Development 14(42): 145-160.  ##8. Giordano, L. and P. S. Riedel. 2008. Multi-criteria spatial decision analysis for demarcation of greenway: A case study of the city of Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Landscape and Urban Planning 84(3-4): 301-311.##9. Jafari, Z., A. R. Mikaeali, M. Mohammadzadeh and O. Abdi. 2010. Evaluation of ecotourism competence in Golestan National Park through weighted linear combination method. Renewable Natural Resources Research 4(2): 25-37. ##10. Joerin, F. and A. Musy. 2000. Land management with GIS and multicriteria analysis. International Transactions in Operational Research 7(1): 67-78.##11. Mahdavi, A., O. Karami and J. Mirzaei. 2011. Evaluation ecotourism potentials of Badreh region in Ilam province using GIS. Natural Ecosystems of Iran 2(2): 63-74. (In Farsi). ##12. Mahini, A. S. and M. Gholamalifard. 2006. Siting MSW landfills with a weighted linear combination methodology in a GIS environment. International Journal of Environmental Science &#38; Technology 3(4): 435-445. ##13. Malczewski, J. 2004. GIS-based land-use suitability analysis: a critical overview. Progress in planning 62(1): 3-65.##14. Masoudi, M., A. Salman mahini, M. Mohammadzadeh and H. Mirkarimi. 2016. Application of multi-criteria evaluation and GIS to ecotourism planning in protected area (case study: MianKale Wildlife Refuge). Natural Environment 1(69): 211-229. (In Farsi).##15. McNeil, B. E., R. E. Martell and J. M. Read. 2006. GIS and biogeochemical models for examining the legacy of forest disturbance in the Adirondack Park, NY, USA. Ecological Modelling 195(3-4): 281-295.##16. Mirzaei, F. 2015. Importance of the relationship between healthy environment and recycling of waste with tourist attraction through ecopark creation. The First National Conference on Tourism, Geography and Clean Environment, Hamedan, Iran, 21 May 2015.  ##17. Mofidishemirani, M., M. J. Mahdavinejad and E. Alavizadeh. 2009. Ecological park; natural- cultural Ecology. Architecture and Urban Development 3: 78-89.     ##18. Movahed, S., H. A. Leghaei and F. Habib. 2016. Ecological park design; A stage for environmental sustainability in cities (case study: southwest of Mashhad). Urban Design &#38; Management 3(18): 203-221. ##19. Norouzi, R., H. A. Leghaei and H. Bahmanpour. 2015. Urban ecopark Site selection for design, development and equipping using AHP method (case study: Torbat Heydarieh Ecopark). The First International Conference and the Third National Conference on Architecture, Construction &#38; Urban Environment, Permanent Secretariat Conference, Hamedan, Iran, 19 December 2015.     ##20. Ok, K. 2006. Multiple criteria activity selection for ecotourism planning in Igneada. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 30(2): 153-164.##21. Piran, H., R. Maleknia, H. Akbari, J. Soosani and O. Karami. 2013. Site selection for local forest park using analytic hierarchy process and geographic information system (case study: Badreh County). International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 6(7): 930-935.##22. Razzaghian, F. and M. R. Rahnama. 2012. Ecological analysis of urban parks (case study: Mashhad Metropolitan). Ecology 38(4): 155-168.##23. Roknaddin Eftekhari, A. R., H. A. Sajasi Gheidari, M. Pourtaheri and A. Azar. 2013. Application of integrated MCDM and GIS methods in identifying rural areas with ecotourism potentials. Rural Research 3(4): 641-660. ##24. Saaty, T. L. 1980. The Analytical Hierarchy Process, Planning, Priority. Resource Allocation. RWS Publications, USA. 287 p.##25. Saaty, T. L. 1994. How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process. Interfaces 24(6): 19-43.##26. Safa, G. 2012. Evaluating ecotourism potentials of Isfahan Province using MCE. MSc. Thesis. Isfahan University of Technology. Isfahan, Iran. (In Farsi)##27. Salman Mahini, A., B. Riazi, B. Naeemi, S. Babaee Kafaki and A. Javadi Larijani. 2008. Evaluation of ecotourism potentials of Behshahr county based MCE and Using GIS. Environmental Science and Technology 1(11): 187-198. ##28. Siyadat, S. and A. R. Pirali. 2014. Ecopark site selection in Qeshm Island using AHP. Second National Conference on Applied Research in Geography and Tourism, Applied Scientific University, Tehran, Iran, 16 December 2014.##29. Uy, P. D. and N. Nakagoshi. 2008. Application of land suitability analysis and landscape ecology to urban greenspace planning in Hanoi, Vietnam. Urban Forestry &#38; Urban Greening 7(1): 25-40.##30. Zhou, P., B. W. Ang and K. L. Poh. 2006. Slacks-based efficiency measures for modeling environmental performance. Ecological Economics 60(1): 111-118.##31. Zucca, A., A. M. Sharifi and A. G. Fabbri. 2008. Application of spatial multi-criteria analysis to site selection for a local park: A case study in the Bergamo Province, Italy. Journal of Environmental Management 88(4): 752-769.## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>پیش‌بینی آشیان بوم شناختی اقلیمی گونه .Artemisia aucheri Boiss در ایران مرکزی با استفاده از مدل‌سازی پراکنش گونه‌ای
</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Predicting the Climatic Ecological Niche of Artemisia aucheri Boiss in Central Iran using Species Distribution Modeling</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>تغییر در پراکنش جغرافیایی گیاهان از آثار مهم تغییر اقلیم است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف پیش&#8204;بینی تغییرات بالقوه در پراکنش درمنه کوهی (.Artemisia aucheri Boiss) تحت تغییر اقلیم در مراتع اصفهان انجام گرفت. لذا شش متغیر زیست- اقلیمی و دو متغیر فیزیوگرافی در چارچوب مدل خطی تعمیم&#8204;یافته، آنالیز تفکیکی انعطاف&#8204;پذیر، پاکت دامنه سطحی، جنگل تصادفی، رگرسیون تطبیقی چندمتغیره و اجماع این مدل&#8204;ها به&#8204;کار رفتند. از بین عوامل محیطی، متوسط دمای سردترین فصل و بارندگی سالانه بیشترین اهمیت را در برازش مدل&#8204;ها داشتند. بر اساس ارزیابی مدل&#8204;سازی، مدل اجماعی و سپس رگرسیون تطبیقی چندمتغیره صحیح&#8204;ترین پیش&#8204;بینی را برای تعیین رویشگاه اقلیمی ارائه دارند. همچنین مقادیر سطح زیر&#8204;منحنی مدل پاکت دامنه سطحی با عملکرد خوب و سایر مدل&#8204;ها با عملکرد عالی، اختلاف معنی&#8204;داری داشتند. حداکثر حضور گونه در ارتفاع 3000-2000 متر و بارندگی سالانه 250-100 میلی&#8204;متر رخ داد. در هر دو مدل اقلیمی CCSM4 و&#160; MPI-ESM-LR، بیشترین میزان جابه&#8204;جایی رویشگاه گونه تحت سناریوی انتشار RCP8.5 در سال 2070 و کمترین میزان تحت سناریوی RCP2.7 در سال 2050 خواهد بود. همچنین در سال 2070 نسبت به 2050 رویشگاه به&#8204;میزان بیشتری جابه&#8204;جا خواهد شد. نتایج مطالعه می&#8204;تواند در اولویت&#8204;بندی اقدامات حفاظتی یا ورود گونه به مناطقی با شرایط اکولوژیکی مشابه به&#8204;کار رود.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Changes in the geographical distribution of plants are one of the major impacts of the climate change. This study was aimed to predict the potential changes in the distribution of Artemisia aucheri Boiss in Isfahan rangelands. Therefore, six bioclimatic variables and two physiographic variables were used under the Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Flexible Denotative Analysis (FDA), Surface Range Envelope (SRE), Random Forest (RF), and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS), as well as in an ensemble model framework. Among the environmental factors, the mean temperature of the coldest quarter and the mean annual precipitation played the most important role or exhibited relative importance in model fitting. Based on the model evaluation, the ensemble model and then MARS presented the most accurate prediction in the determination of the climatic habitat. There was also a significant difference between area under curve (AUC) of the SRE model with a good performance and other models with a high performance. The maximum presence of the species occurred at the 2000-3000 m elevation and the 100-250 mm annual precipitation. In both CCSM4 and MPI-ESM-LR climatic models, the highest amount of habitat displacement is likely to happen under the RCP8.5 scenario in 2070, while the lowest amount may happen under the RCP2.6 scenario in 2050. Also, the habitat of species will be displaced more in 2070 than in 2050. The results of this study can be used to prioritize conservation measures or species introduction into areas with similar ecological conditions.
&#160;
&#160;</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>61</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>79</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2019/01/262019/01/52018/05/172019/03/32019/01/8
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1397/10/18
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2019/06/92019/07/82019/07/92019/07/312019/08/10
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1398/5/19
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>محدثه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>امیری</Family>
				<NameE>M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Amiri</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>mohaddeseh.amiri@na.iut.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مصطفی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>ترکش</Family>
				<NameE>M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Tarkesh</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>m_tarkesh@cc.iut.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>رضا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>جعفری</Family>
				<NameE>R.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Jafari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>reza.jafari@cc.iut.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Climate change</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Climatic biome</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Ensemble model</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>World climate databas</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>تغییر اقلیم</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>زیست‌بوم اقلیمی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>مدل اجماعی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>پایگاه اقلیم جهانی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1. Akbarpour Yasaghi, H. 1995. Study of ecological properties of Artemisia aucheri in Gorgan region and plain, MSc Thesis. Gorgan Agricultural and Natural Resources University. Gorgan, Iran. (In Farsi)##2.	Alkabi, A., M. Basiri and M. Karimian Eghbal. 2002. The study of Artemisia spp. communities in arid and semi-arid regions in order to introduce vegetation degradation indices in central Iran. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Researches 8(1): 483-494. (In Farsi).##3.	Allouche, O., A. Tsoar and R. Kadmon. 2006. Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models: prevalence, kappa, and the true skill statistics (TSS). Journal of Applied Ecology 43(6): 1223-1232.##4.	Araújo, M. B. and M. New. 2007. Ensemble forecasting of species distributions. Trends in Ecological Evolution 22(1): 42-46.##5.	Ardakani, M. R. 2014. Ecology. Tehran University Press, Tehran, 340 p. (In Farsi)##6.	Bakkenes, M., J. Alkemade, F. Ihle, R. Leemans and J. Latour. 2002. Assessing the effects of forecasted climate change on the diversity and distribution of European higher plants for 2050. Global Change Biology 8: 390-407.##7.	Beaumont, L. J., L. Hughes and M. Poulsen. 2005. Predicting species distributions: use of climatic parameters in BIOCLIM and its impact on predictions of species’ current and future distributions. Ecological Modelling 186(2): 251-270.##8.	Buisson, L., W. Thuiller, N. Casajus, S. Lek and G. Grenouillet. 2010. Uncertainty in ensemble forecasting of species distribution. Global Change Biology 16: 1145-1157. ##9.	Dadjou, S. 2016. Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves under climate change, case study: Isfahan region. MSc Thesis. Isfahan University of Technology. Isfahan, Iran. (In Farsi)##10.	Elith, J. and J. R. Leathwick. 2009. Species distribution models: ecological explanation and prediction across space and time. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 40: 667-697.##11.	Evanglista, P. F. 2005. Computer intrusion detection through statistical analysis and prediction modeling. MSc Thesis. Faculty of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Troy, New York.##12.	Feizi, M. T. and K. Shirani. 2017. Preparation of vegetation maps based on ecological-botanical studies (Case study: Isfahan Province). Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology 6(2): 83-96. (In Farsi).##13.	Feizi, M. T., V. Alijani, Z. Jaberalansar, M. Khadaghol and K. Shirani. 2017. Recognition of Iran ecological zones; vegetation types of Isfahan province. Institute of Forest and Rangeland Research, Tehran, Iran, 290 p. (In Farsi).##14.	Franklin, J. 2009. Mapping species distributions: spatial inference and prediction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 320 p.##15.	Ghahreman, A. 1989-2000. Color Atlas of Iranian Flora. Research Institute of Florists and Rangelands publishing, Tehran, 126 p.(In Farsi)##16.	Guisan, A. and N. E. Zimmermann. 2000. Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology. Ecological Modelling 135(2-3): 147-186.##17.	Guisan, A. and W. Thuiller. 2005. Predicting species distribution: offering more than simple habitat models. Ecology Letters 8: 993-1009.##18.	Haidarian Aghakhani, M. 2017. Prediction of climate change effects on spatial distribution of ecological important plant species in central Zagros. Ph.D Thesis. Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University. Sari, Iran. (In Farsi)##19.	Hijmans, R. J., S. E., Cameron, J. L., Parra, P. G. Jones and A. Jarvis. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965-1978.##20.	Hosseini, S. Z., M. Kappas, M. A. Zare Chahouki, G. Gerold, S. Erasmi and A. Raﬁei Emam. 2013. Modelling potential habitats for Artemisia sieberi and Artemisia aucheri in Poshtkouh area, central Iran using the maximum entropy model and geostatistics. Ecological Informatics 18: 61-68.##21.	IPCC. 2013. Climate change. p. 1535. In: Stocker, T. F., D. Qin, G. K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P. M. Midgley (Eds.), The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  ##22.	Jafari, R., H. Bashari and M. Tarkesh. 2017. Discriminating and monitoring rangeland condition classes with MODIS NDVI and EVI indices in Iranian arid and semi-arid lands. Arid Land Research Management 31: 94-110. ##23.	Mohammadi, E., H. Yazdanpanah and F. Mohammadi. 2014. Investigation the climate change event and its effect on cultivation time and length of growing period of wheat (rainfed), case study: Sararoud station of Kermanshah. Natural Geography Research 46(2): 231-246. (In Farsi).##24.	Molaei Shamasbi, M., A. Ghorbani, K. Sefidi, B. Bahrami and K. Hashemi Majd. 2017. Ecological factors affecting the distrinution of Artemisia sieberi Boiss. in southeast slopes of Sabalan. Rangeland 11(2): 139-151. (In Farsi)##25.	Moloodi, G., A. Khoorani and A. Moradi. 2016. The effect of climate change on heat waves of Northern coasts of Persian Gulf. Spatial Analysis of Natural Hazards 3(1): 1-14. (In Farsi). ##26.	Mozafarian, V., 2000. Yazd flora. Yazd University Publications, Yazd, Iran, 636 p. (In Farsi)##27.	Pal, J. S. and E. A. B. Eltahir. 2015. Future temperature in southwest Asia projected to exceed a threshold for human adaptability. Nature Climate Change 6: 197-200.##28.	Pliscoff, P., F. Luebert, H. Hilger and A. Guisan. 2014. Effects of alternative sets of climatic predictors on species distribution models and associated estimates of extinction risk: A test with plants in an arid environment. Ecological Modelling 288: 166-177.##29.	Priti, H., N. A. Aravind, R. U. Shaanjer and G. Ravikanth. 2016. Modeling impacts of future climate on the distribution of Myristicaceae species in the Western Ghats, India. Ecological Engineering 89: 14-23.##30.	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Applying species distribution modelling to identify areas of high conservation value for endangered species: a case study using Margaritifera margaritifera (L.). Biological Conservation 144: 821-829.##40.	Xu C. H. and Y. Xu. 2012. The projection of temperature and precipitation over China under RCP scenarios using a CMIP5 Multi-Model Ensemble. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 5(6): 527-533.##41.	Yaghmaei, L., S. Soltani and M. Khodagholi. 2009. Bioclimatic classification of Isfahan province using multivariate statistical methods. International Journal of Climatology 29: 1850-1861.## ##</REF>
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		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>اولویت‌بندی روش‌های اصلاح مرتع با استفاده از روش تحلیل تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره (مطالعه موردی: مراتع شهرستان سمیرم)
</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Prioritizing Rangeland Improvement Practices using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach </TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>انتخاب روش مناسب به&#8204;منظور اصلاح مراتع، با توجه به در&#8204;نظر گرفتن عوامل و معیارهای متعدد دشوار است. در تحقیق حاضر، روش&#8204;های مختلف اصلاح مرتع در مراتع شهرستان سمیرم- استان اصفهان با استفاده از روش تحلیل تصمیم&#8204;گیری چندمعیاره و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور گزینه&#8204;های رایج اصلاح مرتع در طرح&#8204;های مرتعداری سمیرم شامل مدیریت چرای دام در مرتع، توسعه منابع آب، کپه&#8204;کاری، قرق، ذخیره نزولات و بادام&#8204;کاری، کوددهی و کشت مستقیم علوفه بر اساس معیارهای اجتماعی، اقتصادی، مدیریتی و محیطی و زیرمعیارهای هزینه، تعارض محلی، زمان پاسخ، اجرایی بودن روش، اشتغال، تولید علوفه و اثربخشی در فضای تصمیم&#8204;گیری چند&#8204;معیاره مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. معیارهای مورد ارزیابی با استفاده از 30 پرسش&#8204;نامه که در اختیار متخصصان منابع طبیعی (شامل اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی و کارشناسان اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری) قرار گرفت، به&#8204;صورت حضوری و طبق روش لیکرت رتبه&#8204;بندی شدند و سپس معیارها در هر گزینه اصلاحی در نرم&#8204;افزارFacilitator از صفر تا یک وزن&#8204;دهی شد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که گزینه مدیریت چرای دام در مرتع با دامنه مطلوبیت 0/54 تا 0/98 و کپه&#8204;کاری با دامنه مطلوبیت 0/6 تا 0/95 نسبت به سایر گزینه&#8204;ها اولویت دارند. همچنین، از میان گزینه&#8204;های اصلاحی مختلف، توسعه منابع آب با محدوده مطلوبیت 0/76-0/55 کمترین ریسک اجرایی را دارد. نتایج نشان داد که اجرای پروژه ذخیره نزولات همراه با بادام&#8204;کاری با میزان مطلوبیت کمتر از 0/5 گزینه اصلاحی نامناسبی برای اصلاح مراتع سمیرم است.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Selecting the appropriate rangeland improvement method is a challenging task for range managers because it requires consideration of&#160; various criteria. This study was &#160;aimed to evaluate various restoration and reclamation practices in the rangelands of Semirom-Isfahan using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. Grazing management, water point development, pit seeding, exclosure, water harvesting and planting almond, fertilization and direct cropping of forage were compared using various social, economic, managerial and environmental criteria. These criteria included cost, local conflict, response time, applicability of method, employment, forage production and their effectiveness. The criteria were weighted from 0 to 1 for all rangeland improvement alternatives based on the&#160; results obtained from 30 questionnaires from experts in universities, Isfahan Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization of Isfahan. The criteria were ranked based on the Likert method and rangeland improvement alternatives were compared using the MDCM approach and the&#160; Facilitator software. According to the results, grazing management and pit seeding were identified as the best rangeland improvement alternatives, with favorability ranges of 0.54-0.98 and 0.6-0.95 respectively Water resource development had a lower risk of failure with the favorability ranges of 0.55-0.76, as compared to the other alternatives. The results, therefore, indicated that performing water harvesting along with planting almond in this area could be an inappropriate rangeland improvement alternative with the&#160; favorability of less than 0.5, so it should not be implemented in this area.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>81</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>92</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2019/01/262019/01/52018/05/172019/03/32019/01/82018/07/31
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1397/5/9
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2019/06/92019/07/82019/07/92019/07/312019/08/102019/08/27
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1398/6/5
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>زهرا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>جعفری</Family>
				<NameE>Z.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Jafari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>jafariz68@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>حسین</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>بشری</Family>
				<NameE>H.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Bashari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>H_bashari2001@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مسغود</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>برهانی</Family>
				<NameE>M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Borhani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی اصفهان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>massodborhani@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Range management plans</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Water resource development</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Risk</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Cost</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Water harvesting</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Livestock grazing</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>طرح‌های مرتعداری</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>توسعه منابع آب</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ریسک</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>هزینه</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ذخیره نزولات</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>چرای دام</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
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		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>

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