@article{ 
author = {Dinarvand, M. and Ejtehadi, H. and Jankju, M. and Andarzian, B.},  
title = {Species Diversity and Identification of Plant Functional Types of Woodland in Shimbar Protected Area, Khuzestan Provience}, 
abstract ={Measuring the diversity of plant functional types, identifying their characteristics, and their classification will help to identification of woodland germination capacity and implementing appropriate range management programs. The study was designed to measure the species diversity and to identify plant functional types in three adjacent ecological sites in Shimbar or Shirin Bahar region. During winter, spring and summer since 2013 to 2014, the data regarding the percentage of species coverage were taken from 106 plots using stratified random sampling method in the south facing slopes, north facing slopes and the wetland. Species diversity (Alpha diversity) and habitat diversity (Beta diversity) were measured using PAST and SDR softwares. According to the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices the greatest species diversity were found in the wetland, south slopes and north slopes respectively. Species richness was higher in northern slope than northern slopes and the lowest in wetland. For classifying and determining response of vegetation to environmental factors and identifying plant functional types, about 66 resistance to disturbance characters were measured and subjected to clustering by Ward method in R software. The annual and perennial species were classified into 21 and trees and shrubs to 8 classes.},  
Keywords = {Species richness, Alpha diversity, Beta diversity, Cluster analysis.},
volume = {5},
Number = {15}, 
pages = {1-13}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.15.1},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-738-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-738-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Erfanifard, Y. and AaliBeiranvand, F.},  
title = {Evaluating the Intraspecific Interactions of Indian Rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) Trees in Indian Rosewood Reserveof Khuzestan Province}, 
abstract ={Positive and negative (facilitative and competitive) interactions of plants are important issues in autecology and can be evaluated by the spatial pattern analysis in plant ecosystems. This study investigates the intraspecific interactions of Indian rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) trees in Indian rosewood Reserve of Khuzestan province. Three 150 m × 200 m plots were selected and the spatial locations of all Indian rosewoods (239 trees) were specified. Structurally different summary statistics (nearest neighbour distribution function D(r), K2-index K2(r), pair correlation function g(r), and O-ring O(r)) were also implemented to analyze the spatial pattern of the trees. The distribution of Indian rosewood trees significantly followed inhomogeneous Poisson process (α=0.05). The results of D(r) and K2(r) showed that the maximum distance to nearest tree was 12 m and density was decreased to this scale. The results of g(r) and O(r) also revealed the significant aggregation of Indian rosewood trees at scales of 1.5 to 4 m (α=0.05). In general, it was concluded that Indian rosewood trees had positive intraspecific interactions in Indian rosewood Reserve of Khuzestan province and their aggregation showed their facilitative effects on one another.},  
Keywords = {Facilitation, Spatial pattern analysis, Khuzestan, Indian rosewood, Interaction.},
volume = {5},
Number = {15}, 
pages = {15-26}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.15.15},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-739-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-739-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shahbazi, A. and MatinKhah, S. H. and Bashari, H. and TarkeshEsfahani, M.},  
title = {valuation of Germination Characteristics for Hedysarum Criniferum Boiss in Alternative Temperature and Drought Stress Conditions}, 
abstract ={Detection of effective germination factors on valuable rangeland species is essential in rangelands rehabilitation and restoration projects. This study evaluates the effects of physiological drought stress induced by Poly Ethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG) and alternative temperature on germination percentage and germination speed of Hedysarum criniferum Boiss, a valuable native legume in summer highland pastures of Iran. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design using factor analysis, including two factors; two alternative temperature levels (18-20 °C and 24-26 °C day-night) and four drought levels (0, -2, -4, and -6 bar) with three replications. According to the results, different levels of drought stress and alternative temperature had significant effects on germination percentage and germination speed of the species seeds (α=5%). The study showed that increasing temperature and drought levels leads to reducing the germination percentage and germination speed of the species. Higher germination percentage of H. criniferum seeds in different drought levels compared to alternative temperature levels of 24-26 °C indicated that this species is more sensitive to higher temperature than high levels of drought condition. Therefore, it could partly be concluded that the H. criniferum is a relatively drought resistance species.},  
Keywords = {Range legume, Viability, Drought stress, Germination percent, Speed of germination},
volume = {5},
Number = {15}, 
pages = {27-37}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.15.27},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-740-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-740-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jafari, A. and Mirzaei, R. and Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi, R.},  
title = {Species Distribution Modeling of Wild Sheep based on Improving Bias of Occurrence Records and Selecting Appropriate Environmental Predictors using Maxent}, 
abstract ={This study employs the maximum entropy modelling technique to investigate the geographic distribution pattern of wild sheep (Ovis Orientalis) on Tangeh Sayyad Proteced Area. A set of eight environmental predictors is employed together with presence-only records of wild sheep. Two methods has been used to improve the performance of modeling: density-based occurrence thinning and performance-based predictor selection. Using the four different thresholds (Fixed cumulative value 10, 10 Percentile training presence, Minimum training presence, Equal training sensitivity and specificity), potential distribution of species  was estimated. Results were evaluated using the threshold-dependent Statistics (Sensivity, Specifity, Kappa, TSS), a binomial test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Area Under Curve (AUC). Relative variable importance was assessed using Maxent’s built-in Jacknife functionality. The results showed that the distributions fitted the provided occurrence data very well (at least AUCs = 0.77 for predictors with randomly selected spots and at most AUC=0.82 for random predictors with random sampling) and threshold-dependent Statistics results showed that prediction success for wild sheep were acceptable. Slope and distance to village were found to be the most important predictors. Generally, results showed that the model performance markedly improved by appropriate predictor selection and occurrence thinning.},  
Keywords = {Ecological niche modeling, Maximum entropy, Wild sheep, Tangeh Sayyad protected area.},
volume = {5},
Number = {15}, 
pages = {39-49}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.15.39},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-741-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-741-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Borhani, M. and Arzani, H. and Bassiri, M. and ZareChahook, M. A. and Farahpour, M.},  
title = {Investigating Effects of Participatory Range Management Plans on Species Diversity in Semirum-Isfahan Province}, 
abstract ={In order to investigate the effects of range management plans on species diversity, richness and evenness in Semirum rangelands, 52 sites (28 with treated plan and 24 without treated plan) were selected. The non-parametric indices for species richness (Margalof, Menhinick, Jacknife and counting method) and species diversity (Simpson, Camargo, Smith and Wilson and modified Nee) were compared in two management plans. The mean comparisons were made by independent T Student Test and Mann-Witheny U Test, and correlation was determined between diversity indices and vegetation parameters. Based on the results there was no significant difference between the two management systems regarding environmental features, while the implementation of range management plans caused significant reduction of stocking rate. Among the studied indices, evenness of species in sites without treated plan was significantly more than the sites with treated plan. The correlation matrix showed that there was a significant positive correlation between species richness and vegetation cover, production of perennial plans, and the rangeland condition and trend, while evenness showed significant negative correlation with these indices. Generally, implementation of range management plans has considerable effect on increasing climax species, dominance of Bromus tomentellus and it causes improvement of rangeland condition and reduction of evenness. This behavior could be explained by the balance between species competition and grazing pressure. Further, succession process of the studied communities demonstrates domination of some desirable species, high production and less diversity.},  
Keywords = {Participatory range management plan, Semirum, Diversity, Richness, Evenness.},
volume = {5},
Number = {15}, 
pages = {51-63}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.15.51},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jozaqian, A. and Bashari, H. and Pahlavanravi, A. and Ajorlo, M.},  
title = {The Impacts of Clay and Gypsum Mining on Vegetation and Soil Conditions in Arid Ecosystems (Case Study: Segzi-Isfahan)}, 
abstract ={This study evaluates the impacts of clay and gypsum mining on ecosystem structure and function using Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) in Segzi plain, Isfahan. The length and width of patches and inter-patches length were recorded along the 18 established 50-meters transects in mining and reference sites. Eleven soil surface indicators were evaluated using LFA method in these patches and inter-patches spaces. Thirty six soil samples were randomly collected from 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 centimetres of soil surface, and the amount of pH, CaCO3, CaSO4, electrical conductivity, organic matters and the percentage of clay, silt or sand of the samples were measured. According to the results, structural and functional characteristics of the reference sites, including infiltration, stability, and soil nutrient cycling are better than mining sites. In clay mine sites, except indicators of slake test; litter and surface roughness indices were not different statistically (α = 5%). In Gypsum mine sites, all indicators in mining sites were statistically different (α = 5%) from reference sites, but their indicators of cryptogam cover, nature and roughness of the soil surface and deposit material. The extent of degradation in soil and vegetation characteristics of mined sites indicates that there is a strong desertification trend in the study area.},  
Keywords = {Stability, Infiltration, Mining, Landscape function analysis.},
volume = {5},
Number = {15}, 
pages = {65-75}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.15.65},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-743-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-743-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Fathi, P. and Ebrahimi, E. and Esmaeili, A. and Mirghafari, N.},  
title = {Bioassessment of Choghakhor Wetland using Benthic Macroinvertebrates}, 
abstract ={In present study, besides investigating benthic communities and their demographics in Choghakhor wetland, the water quality has been evaluated and classified. Then, 10 stations were selected and sampling of benthos was done every 45 days since April 2010 to March 2011, with 3 replications at each station. Samples were obtained by Ekman grab Sampler (surface 400 cm2). The collected samples were separated and fixed by formalin (4%). The Macroinvertebrates samples were identified and counted in laboratory. Generally 25 families of benthic macroinvertebrates belonging to 5 classes and 12 orders were identified. The results were calculated as community measures, including total richness, Shannon - Wiener diversity index and Hilsenhoff Biological index at family level. The results obtained from temporal and spatial changes of data (Statgeraphics software) and water qualitative classification using Shannon diversity index conformed to biological Hilsenhoff index. And finally, water quality of wetland was assessed to be polluted in average to high level. According to this study findings, it seems that, these indicators could be used as useful tools for evaluating water supplies quality.},  
Keywords = {Shannon diversity, Hilsenhoff, Biological assessment, Choghakhor wetland, Macroinvertebrates. },
volume = {5},
Number = {15}, 
pages = {77-90}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.15.77},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salarvand, M. and Erfanzadeh, R. and Kooj, Y.},  
title = {The Effect of the Habitat Type on Soil and Plant Diversity Properties in Natural Ecosystems in the Northern Alborz (Case Study: Vaz Watershed)}, 
abstract ={This study aimed to compare plant species diversity indices (diversity and richness) and some physico-chemical properties of soil among forest, ecotone and rangeland habitats. Vegetation sampling was done randomly at each habitat. One dominant community was selected in each habitat and one key area was distinguished in each community and 8×1m2 plots were randomly established in each key area. In each plot, the list of existing plants and cover percentage for each species were determined and soil samples were taken from depths of 0-10 cm. The Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices and Margalef and Menhinic richness indices were estimated using PAST software. Physical and chemical characteristics of the soil were compared at three sites by analysis of variance (One Way ANOVA). The results showed that the lowest and highest values of all species diversity and richness were occurred in forest and ecotone habitats, respectively. Bulk density, sand and pH value of soil were significantly the highest in the rangeland. The percentage of clay and organic carbon in forest habitat were higher than the two other habitats. This study revealed the importance of ecotone in preserving the diversity and species richness.},  
Keywords = {Diversity, PCA, Richness, Soil Characteristics.},
volume = {5},
Number = {16}, 
pages = {1-11}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.16.1},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-760-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-760-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Saboohi, R. and Barani, H.},  
title = {Climatic Characteristics of the Natural Habitats of Astragalus gossypinus Fisher in Isfahan Province}, 
abstract ={The relationship between plant species and climatic factors has always been an important subject in plant ecology and the use of multivariate statistical methods might be effective in detecting the relationship between climatic factors and the distribution of plant species. In the present study, climatic characteristics of Astragalus gossypinus Fisher producing tragacanth stretched in a relatively vast area in Isfahan province (approximatley seven percent of natural habitat of Isfahan province) to shed lights on determinant climatic factors on distribution of this species were investigated. In this study, 56 climatic variables were evaluated in the months of January, March, and July in the annual interval and to reduce the number of variables and determine the most important factors. Factor analysis was applied using principal components analysis. The results showed that four factors, namely cooling temperature-humidity, precipitation-storm, cloudiness, and windiness account for 39.05%, 32.77%, 11.44%, and 8.63%, and totally 91.88% of the variance of the data, respectively. Also, the cooling temperature-humidity factor has the greatest impact on presence of this species, therefor, in areas where this species can be seen, the cooling temperature-humidity factor is positive and vice versa.},  
Keywords = {Astragalus gossypinus, Climatic variables, Factor analysis, Habitats of Isfahan province.},
volume = {5},
Number = {16}, 
pages = {13-30}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.16.13},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-761-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-761-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {P.Fayyaz,  and A.Bagheripour,},  
title = {Inhibitory Effect of Crude Oil on Vegetative and Physiologic Performance of Seeds and Seedlings of Ziziphus, Prosopis, Acacia and Robinia Species}, 
abstract ={In this study the effect of crude oil (0 to 20% w/w), one of the main pollutants of current age, on physiological characteristics of Prosopis juliflora, Acacia victoria, Ziziphus spina-chrisi and Robinia pseudoacacia in seed and seedling stages based on a completely randomized design with 10 replications in each experimental unit has been studied. The results revealed that germination rate of Prosopis and Acacia was not affected by the pollutant, but the germination reduced in Ziziphus with more than 6 percent pollutant and 4% pollution led to full inhibition in Robinia. The ED50 based on radicle growth for Acacia, Prosopis, Ziziphus and Robinia was 6.9, 3.2, 3.6 and 2.7%, respectively. In seedling stage green leaf percentage, chlorophyll concentration, and efficiency of photosystem II decreased by increasing contamination. Increasing oil concentration stopped seedling growth of Robinia and reduced stem length in Acacia and Prosopis, but no significant difference was observed in the root length. The increase of oil pollution up to more than three percentages was associated with increased growth of shoot and root in Ziziphus. The difference in response pattern of different species to crude oil enables us to select species based on a variety of objects from bio monitoring to phytoremediation.},  
Keywords = {Bioassay, Crude Oil, Germination, Growing Region in the Gulf of Oman, Phytoremediation. },
volume = {5},
Number = {16}, 
pages = {31-42}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.16.31},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-762-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-762-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Keshtkar, A. R. and Naseri, H.},  
title = {Ecological and Socio-Economic Modeling of Consequences of Biological Management Scenarios Implementation in Integrated Watershed Management (Case Study: Simindasht Catchment)}, 
abstract ={Integrated watershed management is considered as a new principle for development planning and management of water and soil resources emphasizing on socio-economic characteristics of the region to sustainable livelihoods without vulnerability for plants and the residents of an area. This research, in line with the objectives of integrated management, has been carried out for modelling and evaluating the effects of ecological, socio-economic consequences resulting from the implementation of the proposed management plans on the vegetation changes with a focus on the problems in Simindasht catchment, located in Semnan and Tehran Provinces. After standardization of indices by distance method and weighing them, the scenarios were prioritized using multi-criteria decision-making technique. Trade-off analysis of the results indicates that in the integrated management of Simindasht catchment more than one single management solution, covering all aspects of the system can be recommended in different weighting approaches. The approach used herein, considering the results of different models and comparing the results, is an efficient tool to represent the watershed system as a whole and to facilitate decision making for integrated watershed management.},  
Keywords = {Biologic Management, Ecological Modeling, Socio-Economic Modeling, Integrated Watershed Management, Multi-Criteria Decision Making.},
volume = {5},
Number = {16}, 
pages = {43-54}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.16.43},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-763-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-763-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Poorghasemi, N. and Abbasi, M.},  
title = {Relationship between LAI of Quercus persica and Pistacia atlantica with Field Spectroscopy}, 
abstract ={Leaf area index (LAI) is a key variable in primary production and carbon cycling in ecosystems. It is used as an important predictor to explain the processes of forest ecology, forest management, and remote sensing studies. Most of the remote sensing instruments such as LAI-2000 and Fisheye photography are based on three-dimensional space and they consider the geometry of the crown to estimate LAI. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between spectral behaviour of Quercus persica and Pistacia atlantica with two-dimensional and three-dimensional LAI. To estimate LAI, a box (0.5× 0.5× 0.5 meters) was placed in the four directions of the crown and all the leaves were harvested. In situ spectral measurements of leaves were done with ASD Fieldspec spectroradiometer. The results of partial least squares regression to model LAI form spectral data of Quercus persica showed maximum regression coefficient at visible and near infrared wavelengths for both LAI3D and LAI2D. The coefficient of determination (R2) between the measured and estimated LAI2D and LAI3D values for Quercus persica was 0.16 and 0.23 respectively, and for Pistacia atlantica was 0.15 and to 0.42, respectively. Generally, LAI3D showed better relationship with spectral reflectance for both species.},  
Keywords = {Field Spectroscopy, Leaf Area Index, Partial Least Squares Regression, Remote Sensing, Zagros Forests.},
volume = {5},
Number = {16}, 
pages = {55-67}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.16.55},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-764-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-764-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ranjbar, N. and Hemami, M. and Tarkesh, M. and Shahgholian, J.},  
title = {Seasonal Assessment of Habitat Suitability of the Wild Goat  (Capra aegagrus) in Mountainous Areas of Kolah-Qazi National Park using Maximum Entropy Approach}, 
abstract ={Knowledge of species’ habitat needs is considered as one of the requirements of wildlife management. We studied seasonal habitat suitability and habitat associations of wild goat (Capra aegagrus) in Kolah-Qazi National Park, one of its typical habitats in central Asia, using Maximum Entropy approach. The study area was confined to mountainous areas as the potential habitat of the wild goat. Elevation, distance to water sources, distance to human settlements, and distance to guard patrol roads were recognised as the most important variables determining habitat suitability of the species. The extent of suitable habitats was maximum in spring (3882.25 ha) and the least in summer (1362.5 ha). The AUC values of MaxEnt revealed acceptable to good efficiency (AUC ≥0.7). The obtained results may have implications for conservation of the wild goat in similar habitats across its distribution range.},  
Keywords = {Habitat Suitability Model, Maxent, Kolah-Qazi National Park, Wild Goat, Capra aegagrus.},
volume = {5},
Number = {16}, 
pages = {69-83}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.16.69},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-765-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-765-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Afrakhteh, R. and Asgarian, A. and Soffianian, A.},  
title = {Application of Fractal Dimension to Assess the Effect of Scale on the Sensitivity of Landscape Metrics}, 
abstract ={The sensitivity of landscape metrics to the scale effect is one of the most challenging issues in landscape ecology and quantification of land use spatial patterns. In this study, fractal dimension was employed to assess the effect of scale on the sensitivity of landscape metric in the north of Iran (around Sari) as the case study. Land use/ cover maps were derived from Landsat-8 (OLI sensor) image processing and its spatial scale was downgraded to 30, 60, 120, 150, 200, 250, and 300 by cell-center method. After that, landscape-level metrics were quantified. Finally, linear regressions were formed for the every metric based on the logarithmic transformation and the Coefficient of Determination and Fractal Dimension were computed as well. The coefficient of determination for all measures of diversity was zero and for other measures in two general categories: high sensitivity (R- redundant) and without sensitivity (N- no effect). Results acquired from the two indicators were perfectly delineated the sensitivity of landscape metrics to the scale effect (Coefficient of Determination) as well as the direction and magnitude of the landscape metrics (Fractal dimension).},  
Keywords = {Coefficient of Determination, Fractal Dimension, Landscape Metrics, Scale Effect.},
volume = {5},
Number = {16}, 
pages = {85-97}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.16.85},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-766-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-766-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Royan, M. and Sepehry, A. and SalmanMahiny, A.},  
title = {Estimating Rangeland Vegetation Frequency & Density Using Low-altitude Aerial Photographs}, 
abstract ={Remote sensing and aerial photography are means of exploring, studying and estimating vegetation variables such as species frequency and density in forests and rangelands. Common remote sensing images usually offer general information about vegetation parameters. For detailed information about vegetation (e.g. estimation of vegetation density and/or frequency), larger scale images are needed. The present research was conducted to estimate the density of rangeland vegetation in Inche Boroon area, north of Gorgan city. Using aerial photographs acquired from digital camera mounted on a tittered balloon in different flight altitudes, density and frequency of the main shrub species of the studied region, Halocnemum strobilaceum, were estimated on photographs at different scales (from 1:50 – to 1:1000) and were compared with field measurements. Results showed no significant difference between the field and image estimation of density below 1:600 (heights lower than 75 m) but at lower scales the difference was significant. No significant difference between field and image estimation of shrub frequency was also observed up to the scale of 1:1000. Due to the wider field of view of photographs at smaller scales, flight heights of 75 m and 130 m are thus suggested as the appropriate heights to estimate Halocnemum strobilaceum density and frequency respectively in the study area.},  
Keywords = {Bush land, Helium balloon, Remote sensing, Vegetation variables.},
volume = {5},
Number = {17}, 
pages = {1-10}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.17.1},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-784-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-784-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {TondravanZangene, M. and FakheranEsfahani1, S. and Poormanafi, S. and Senn, J.},  
title = {Assessment of the Conservation Status and Habitat Suitability of Critically Endangered Lorestan Newt (Neurergus Kaiseri) in Lorestan and Khuzestan Provinces}, 
abstract ={Lorestan newt (Neurergus kaiseri) is an endemic species which has restricted dispersal in southern Zagros Mountains in Iran, and it is listed as critically endangered in IUCN red list. Today the populations of this species are decreasing and facing serious threats. In this study, habitat suitability of Neurergus kaiseri was evaluated using a MaxEnt modelling approach according to environmental and climatic parameters (thermal and precipitation). Based on the results derived from the MaxEnt model, the most important parameters were related to annual and seasonality precipitation, annual mean temperature, elevation and land cover, respectively. Also, assessment of the conservation status of this species with species distribution areas and adapting them with protection networks revealed that currently, none of the suitable habitats of Lorestan newt are protected and there is no legal support for conserving these sites that the issue makes this critically endangered species even more vulnerable.},  
Keywords = {Habitat suitability, Khuzestan province, Lorestan province, Maximum entropy (MaxEnt), Neurergus kaiseri, Protected areas.},
volume = {5},
Number = {17}, 
pages = {11-24}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.17.11},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-785-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-785-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sheikhzadeh, A. and Bashari, H. and Matinkhah, S. H. and TarkeshEsfahani, M.},  
title = {The Effect of Twenty Years of Exclosure on Parametric and Non-parametric Diversity Indices in Chadegan Rangelands- Isfahan}, 
abstract ={Exclosure is considered as a management method to improve vegetation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exclosure on species diversity in Zayanderod dam station in Chadegan, Isfahan. The study area was stratified based on the various management types and slope directions, and samples were collected randomly in each layer. Four perpendicular transects, 500m in length were established along the gradients. Fifteen plots (1×1.5m) were established along each transect. The cover percentage, density and scientific name of the perennial species and the management condition were recorded in each plot. Diversity index of Simpson and Shannon, richness indices of Margalef and Menhinick, Simpson evenness indice, and Parametric methods (curve of frequency) were calculated in the two grazed and ungrazed areas. Independent t-test was used to compare the diversity indices. CCA Analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between species and management factors with the diversity indices. The results showed that although the diversity, richness and evenness indices in the exclosure area were more than the grazed area, there was no significant difference between the diversity and evenness indices in the areas. The log-normal was the significant fitted graph in the study area which represents relatively stable societies. The ordination results showed that grazing area and exclosure area are well separated from each other and confirmed the higher richness in the exclosure site.},  
Keywords = {Exclosure, Evenness, Species diversity, Species richness, Zayanderod dam watershed station.},
volume = {5},
Number = {17}, 
pages = {25-36}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.17.25},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-786-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-786-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Safaei, M. and Bashari, H. and Shirmardi, H. A.},  
title = {Evaluating the Effects of Study Scale on Spatial Patterns of three Range Plant Species Using Quadrate Indices and Point Pattern Analysis in Chaharmahal- Bakhtirai Province Rangelands}, 
abstract ={This study aimed to investigate the spatial patterns of Acanthophyllum microcephalum Boiss, Nepeta glomerulosa Boiss and Hertia angustifolia and evaluate the effects of study scale on spatial patterns of three range plant species in Ghale-Gharak research-station located in Shahr-e-Kord. 40 points with a distance of five meters from each other were selected for sampling of vegetation along four 50 m transects using a random-systematic approach. The species spatial patterns were measured by 6 different distance-based methods including Hopkines, Johnson-and-Zimer, Eberhardt, Holgate, Hines and T-Square-index. A 100 m2 reference site (10 by 10 m) was selected to record the species co-ordinates and conduct point pattern analysis. The spatial patterns of the species were determined in 3 scales of 10×10, 5×10 and 5×5 meters to highlight the effects of scale on spatial patterns of vegetation. According to the results, H. angustifolia showed randomized spatial patterns due to its seed dispersal ability. N. glomerulosa and A. microcephalum showed a clustered spatial pattern beacuse their seed are in achene form and fall next to these species. All the 3 species had a clustered pattern when the scale of point pattern analysis was decreased. Identifying these plant spatial patterns and their controlling factors) such as seed dispersal mechanisms of the species and sampling scale) are required to select the best sampling strategy in rangeland assessment programs.},  
Keywords = {Distance based index, Point pattern analysis, Rangeland ecosystems, Shahr-e-Kord., Spatial pattern.},
volume = {5},
Number = {17}, 
pages = {37-49}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.17.37},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-788-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-788-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bagheri, A. and Ghorbani, R. and BannayanAval, M. and Shafner, O.},  
title = {Study of Plant Species Richness in Habitats with Different Grazing Intensities at Golestan National Park and Surrounding Area}, 
abstract ={Considering the importance of plant diversity and to evaluate the effect of grazing pressure on species richness and structure of plant communities, this experiment was conducted at Golestan National Park and its surrounding areas in the north east of Iran. Sampling was conducted in intact and abandoned habitats and habitats under seasonal and heavy grazing, using Modified Whitaker Plot in 1, 10,100 and 1000 m2 spatial scales. Results showed that the composition of plant species from different habitats was different. In addition the increasing intensity of grazing increased the importance of therophytes and decreased the role of hemicryptophytes and phanerophytes and also decreasd the amount of species richness. Mean species richness of studied habitat showed a significant difference in all four sampling spatial scales. The results showed that plant species richness decreased in the areas affected by heavy grazing and conservation against grazing plays an important role in maintaining species richness.},  
Keywords = {Golestan National Park, Grazing intensity, Multi-scale sampling, Protected areas, Species richness.},
volume = {5},
Number = {17}, 
pages = {51-64}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.17.51},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-789-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-789-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Heydari, M. and Karimikia, H. and Jafarzadeh, A. A. and Naderi, M.},  
title = {Study of Spatial Pattern of Indicator Plant Species in Ecological Species Groups (Case Study: Manesht Protected Area, Ilam Province)}, 
abstract ={The key factor in understanding the forest ecosystems is forest structure. Spatial arrangement and location of trees are both one of the main components of forest stand structure. This study was carried out in Manesht protected area, Ilam province. In order to determine the ecological groups and spatial patterns of indicator species, we used fixed-area plots method. For data collection, 125 square sampling plots with an area of 400 m2 were selected based on a systematically random method. The plants were classified using TWINSPAN analysis and then spatial pattern was analyzed by indices of ratio of average to variance, Morisata and standardized Morisata. Four ecological groups were specified and all dispersion indices showed clumped pattern for indicator species of the ecological groups. The results of this study could provide useful information to describe the sustainability of this valuable ecosystem and monitoring protective and rehabilitative practices.},  
Keywords = {Ecological groups, Indicator species, Manesht protected area, Spatial pattern, Zagros forest.},
volume = {5},
Number = {17}, 
pages = {65-76}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.17.65},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-790-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-790-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pakniat, D. and Homami, M. R. and Maleki, S. and Tohidi, M.},  
title = {The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Distribution of Wintering Populations of Asian Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis Macqueenii in Central Iranian Plateau}, 
abstract ={Predicting species’ distribution is a prerequsit for assessing threats, determining conservation status, and planning conservation programs. Asian houbara Chlamydotis macqueenii is one of the most valuable game species threatened by extinction. We estimated the distribution of potential suitable habitats of wintering populations of Asian houbara bustard in central Iranian plateau using maximum entropy approach. Results of the model evaluation using the area under the curve ROC showed that the developed models for the species in both training and test models are better than random prediction. Among physiographic, climatic, land cover and human variables entered into the model, slope and mean temperature of the coldest quarter were the most important variables affecting the distribution of the species. We estimated that about 112,286 Km2 (22%) of the study area is a suitable habitat for wintering populations of houbara in central Iranian Plateau. Within the protected and no hunting areas, an area totaling 22372 Km2 (19.9%) was recognised as a potential suitable habitat for wintering houbaras. However, a significant proportion of favorable habitat of this species (89,914 kilometers) is outside of protected areas that requires conservation planning.},  
Keywords = {Maximum entropy, protected areas, no-hunting areas, species distribution models, Chlamydotis maqueenii.},
volume = {5},
Number = {17}, 
pages = {77-89}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.17.77},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-792-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-792-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khoramdel, S. and Shabahang, J. and AminGhafouri, A.},  
title = {Evaluation of Environmental Impacts for Rice Agroecosystems using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)}, 
abstract ={In order to evaluate life cycle assessment (LCA) for rice agroecosystems based on mean of nitrogen fertilizer levels (less than 190, 190-200, 200-210, 210-220 and more than 220 kg N ha) during 1999-2012, an experiment was conducted. Four steps includung goal definition and scoping, inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment and integration and interpretation were computed. Functional unit was considered as one tone paddy. Impact categories were acidification, eutrophication in aquatic and tresstrial ecosystems and global warming. The results showed that the highest paddy yield was obtained 5.35 t.ha-1 in 190-200 kg N ha. The maximum aquatic eutrophication potential was computed for more than 220 kg N ha-1 with 0.79 PO4 equiv./t paddy. EcoX per one tone paddy and maximum environmental impacts was belonged to aquatic eutrophication (0.13 Eco-index per one tone paddy). It seems that system management including green manure, nitrogen fixing species and reduced tillage could be regarded to reduce problematic environmental impacts in rice production systems.},  
Keywords = {Acidification, Environmental impacts, Eutrophication, Global warming, Inventory analysis.},
volume = {5},
Number = {18}, 
pages = {1-14}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.18.1},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-809-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-809-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khalili, F. and Malekian1, M. and Rojae, N. and Hemami, M. R.},  
title = {Habitat Evaluation of Persian Squirrel (Sqiurus anumalus) in Servak Forested Area in Kohgiluyeh & Boyer Ahmad Province}, 
abstract ={The current study used habitat suitability index to evaluate habitat suitability of Servak forested area located near Yasouj for the Persian squirrel. Habitat variables including elevation, slope, aspect, density of vegetation cover, height of tree, tree diameter, canopy area of tree, distance to roads, distance to villages, and distance to rivers were used in this evaluation. Results showed that five variables including slope, tree diameter, density of plant cover, distance to road and height of tree were the main effective factors in habitat selection of Persian squirrels. Amongst the three stations, Golzar station with the highest habitat suitability index (0.92) has provided the most suitable area for the Persian squirrel. Overall, due to the habitat suitability of the Servak forested area for the Persian squirrel and the substantial number of animals in this region, it is recommended to protect this area by Department of Environment.},  
Keywords = { Habitat evaluation, HSI, Persian squirrel, Servak forested area.},
volume = {5},
Number = {18}, 
pages = {15-25}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.18.15},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-810-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-810-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khatibi, R. and Soltani, S. and Khodagholi, M.},  
title = {The Impact of Climatic Factors on Distribution of Taverniera glabra in Iran by Multivariate Statistical Analysis Methods}, 
abstract ={To study the effect of climatic factors on Taverniera glabra species distribution in Iran rangelands, climatic variables were selected and factors affecting species distribution were evaluated using factor analysis. Then a spatial distribution map was prepared for all these factors throughout Iran. Factor analysis showed that 9 factors included: temperature, relative humidity, winter precipitation and summer precipitation, partly cloudy days, average wind speed, thunder and snowy days with eigenvalues greater than 1, explained 29.71, 22.32, 9.58, 7.52, 6.80, 6.22, 4.25, 3.69, 2.22 percent of variance, respectively and 92.35% of total variance. Finally, the climatic factors of temperature, relative humidity, average wind speed and thunderstorm were identified as the most important factors affecting distribution of vegetation types which Taverniera glabra are dominant species. Furthermore temperature, summer precipitation, average wind speed and thunderstorm factors affecting on distribution of vegetation types in which Taverniera glabra are accompanied species. The results showed that these climatic factors caused distribution of Taverniera glabra in the South East of Iran.},  
Keywords = {Climatic factors, Factor analysis, Multivariate statistical analysis, Taverniera glabra species.},
volume = {5},
Number = {18}, 
pages = {27-44}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.18.27},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-811-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-811-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Darabi, H. and Gholami, SH.},  
title = {Spatial Variability of Regeneration and Tree Species Diversity in Zagros Forests, Case Study: Gahvare Forests, Kermanshah}, 
abstract ={The regeneration is one of the most important phenomena in forest ecosystems and the most important factor of development and sustainability of forests. Assessment of the regeneration is one of the best criteria for monitoring forest function stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability of regeneration diversity and its relationship with tree species diversity in Zagros Forests, Kermanshah (Gahvareh).This study was conducted at 70 hectares of Gahvareh forests. In this area, 67 sample plots (400 m2) were used in a 100 × 100 m sampling grid. In each plot, total number and species of trees and all seedlings which had diameter less than 7.5 cm were recorded. We also recorded asexual regeneration in ¼ plots (100 m2).Then the spatial continuity was described using geostatistics (variogram and cross- variogram). The variograms of variables revealed the presence of spatial autocorrelation except evenness index (Sheldon) of trees and sexual regeneration. They had spatial dependence at large ranges that showed the large distance of dependency and homogeny of condition. In addition, cross-variograms indicated a strong spatial relationship between diversity of sexual regeneration and tree diversity and between diversity and richness of asexual regeneration and tree abundance.},  
Keywords = {Cross-variogram, Regeneration, Semivariogram, Species diversity, Spatial pattern.},
volume = {5},
Number = {18}, 
pages = {45-59}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.18.45},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-812-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-812-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Obeidavi, Z. and Rangzan, K. and Mirzaei, R. and Kabolizade, M.},  
title = {Habitat Suitability Modelling of Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in Shimbar Protected Area, Khuzestan Province}, 
abstract ={Status determination of wildlife habitats is very important in conservation programs and management of wildlife. So, in this study Ursus arctos habitat suitability was modeled using maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt) in Shimbar protected area. In order to model the habitat suitability, after investigating and resolving the spatial autocorrelation of occurrence records, spatially independent localities were divided into the calibration and evaluation sets and then were combined with 10 environmental variables (VIF<10) selected by MMS software. The performance of predictive models was tested using AUC and jackknife validation test. So, we applied two different thresholds, the LPT threshold and 10% threshold to generate presence/absence map. Also other Jackknife tests applied to measure variables importance. The results showed that predictive model was more efficient than random model (AUC=0.980). In addition, the potential suitable areas cover 20.75% of study area. The MaxEnt model had 88.46% success rate and was statistically significant (P = 0.000). Results of Jackknife showed that ‘plant type’ variable alone contains valuable information for modelling. Our study demonstrated that habitat suitability was successfully predicted by MaxEnt modelling, so this methodology might provide a powerful tool for improving the wildlife habitats information.},  
Keywords = {Maximum entropy algorithm, Habitat suitability modelling, Shimbar protected area, Ursus arctos.},
volume = {5},
Number = {18}, 
pages = {61-72}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.18.61},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-813-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-813-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Vahedi, A. A.},  
title = {Modeling Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Relation to Plant Biodiversity in the Natural Mixed-Beech Forests}, 
abstract ={Having the richest plants biodiversity, Hyrcanian natural mixed-beech forests contribute to the huge carbon pool in the different soil layers. This research aims to develop modeling soil carbon sequestration in terms of the plant biodiversity indices to manage soil carbon stock with respect to trend of sustainability, fertility, carbon cycle, and planning to face with climate change in local/ regional scales. After measuring plants biodiversity indices and soil carbon factor over the field operations, simple and multiple linear regressions as well as curve estimation regression were applied in the process of modeling. According to Adj.R2, SEE and AIC, simple and multiple linear regressions had no considerable accuracy (AICmin = +151.74). Analysis of non-linear models showed that model S including index of species dominance belonging to herbal coverage was the best predictor with the least error and highest certainty (AICmin= -171.23) to estimate soil carbon pool in the studied forests. In the following, the results showed that although the log-transformed models with increasing the parameters and adding the correlated explanatory variables were valid (VIF < 10), the accuracy of the estimates was less than the optimal model.},  
Keywords = {Hyrcanian forests, Multiple linear model, Non-linear models, Organic carbon pool, Regression analysis.},
volume = {5},
Number = {18}, 
pages = {73-83}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.18.73},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-814-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-814-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tavankar, F. and Nikooy, M.},  
title = {The Effect of Selection Cutting on Frequency and Characteristics of Thick Trees (Normal, Rotten, Dead Trees) in Asalem-Nav Forest}, 
abstract ={Rotten and dead trees are the main component of forest ecosystems and play an important role in maintaining forest biodiversity. In this research frequency and characteristics of large diameter trees (normal, rotten, and dead trees) with diameter at breast height greater than 60 cm were studied in two compartments (selective logged and protected) in Asalem-Nav forest. Random systematic sampling method with grid of 100 × 100 m and plot area of 0.2 ha was used for data collection. The results showed frequency and volume of large diameter trees of all three groups in the logged parcel were lower than protected parcel (P < 0.01). The height of rotten trees and dead trees in the protected compartment were greater than logged compartment (P < 0.01). Thick trees of all three groups in the protected compartment were compounded from more species than logged compartment as well. Cavities created by forest birds on the bole of rotten trees and dead trees have more frequency in the protected compartment than the logged compartment. This research indicated that protection of rotten trees, dead trees and remaining thicker trees from different species have special importance for protection of natural structure and biodiversity of forest stands.},  
Keywords = {Biodiversity, Dead tree, Forest management, Hyrcanian forests, Selection cutting, Thick trees.},
volume = {5},
Number = {18}, 
pages = {85-100}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.5.18.85},
url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-815-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-815-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology},  
issn = {2476-3128}, 
eissn = {2476-3217}, 
year = {2016}  
}