@article{ author = {Farhadi, P. and Soosani, J. and Erfanifard, S. Y.}, title = {Analyzing Spatial Pattern of Fagus orientalis Lipsky. Species in Hyrcanian Forests by Angular Indicators (Case Study: Nave Asalem- Guilan Forests)}, abstract ={It is so important to know about ecological characteristics of trees of a stand, in forest management. The first step to achieve this knowledge is to recognize the spatial pattern of trees. Therefore, regarding the enviro-economic  importance of F. orientalis in hyrcanian forests, this study checked spatial pattern of these trees. In order to do this research, 5 one-hectare plots with homogeneous environmental conditions were inventoried in natural stands of Fagetum in Nave Asalem, Guilan province accidentally. Then, measuring the angle between fagus trees and using indicators of uniform angle index (Wi), Mean directional inedx (Ri), Mean of angles index and Clark-Evans (CE), the spatial pattern in Fagus orientalis was analyzed. The results showed clumpy pattern of the Fagus orientalis trees which is also tended to be random, and using Wi, Ri and CE indicators together provides better results to determine the spatial pattern of trees. Also, using angular indicators, besides the high accuracy due to the lack of need to measure distances between trees, speeds up spatial pattern determination of forest stands.}, Keywords = {Spatial pattern, Fagus orientalis Lipsky, Uniform angle index, Mean directional index, Guilan province.}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-14}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.6.2.1}, url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-859-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-859-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology}, issn = {2476-3128}, eissn = {2476-3217}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mirzajani, A. and Hamidian, A. H. and Karami, M.}, title = {Relationship Between Length of Food Chain of the South-west Caspian Sea and the Abundance of Captured Fish}, abstract ={The fishery activities affect the lives of millions of people who live near the south of Caspian Sea, where the aquatic stocks have sophisticated ecological relationships. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope technique was applied as an ecological tool to interpret the fish catch values of different areas in relation to food chain. The average values of Captured bony fishes in six regions of Guilan province, including Astara, Hashtpar, Anzali, Kiashahr, Langroud and Chaboksar, were compared. For calculating food chain length using nitrogen stable isotope; Cerastoderma glucaum was considered as primary consumers for baseline values and two species Sander lucioperca and Alosa braschnokowi as top predators. The results showed that stable isotope ratios of δ13C and δ15N varied in different regions. The δ13C value was the lowest and the highest in Astara and Chaboksar (-21.7 ‰ and -20.1 ‰, respectively) while the δ15N value was the highest (5.7 ‰) in Astara and the lowest (4.2 ‰) in Chaboksar and Kiashahr. The highest calculated food chain length among the regions belonged to Kiashahr. Although a schematic correlation was observed between the aboundance of Captured fish and the length of food chain in different regions, the role of releasing millions of fish fries annually is also crucial in fish stock rehabilitation.}, Keywords = {Stable isotope, Carbon and nitrogen, Trophic level, Fishing}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {15-26}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.6.2.15}, url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-860-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-860-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology}, issn = {2476-3128}, eissn = {2476-3217}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {BaranianKabir, E. and Mousavi, S. A. R. and Bashari, H. and Mosaddeghi, M. R. and Bassiri, M.}, title = {Economic Consequences of Converting Rangelands to Dry Farmlands, Focusing on Soil and Water Conservation Services}, abstract ={Severe natural resources utilizations, disregarding their real value and environmental potency, pose many hazards in developing countries. Many rangelands have been converted to agricultural fileds to achieve more immediate income. This study, aimed to investigate the economic impacts of converting good and poor rangelands to dry farmlands in terms of soil and water conservation services in Fereidounshar- Isfahan. Hydraulic properties and infiltration status of various land uses were studied using tension infiltrometer. MPSIAC model was also used to estimate soil erosion and sediment yield in the studied area. Economic values of different soil and water conservative services were calculated using Replacement Cost approach. According to the results, good rangeland had the least amount of run off (6.66 mm), erosion (298.14 m3.km-2.year-1) and sediment yield (129.42 ton. km-2.year-1) compared to the other land uses. The economic gains of soil and water conservative services from each hectare of good and poor rangelands compared to dry farmlands were at least more than 20.38 and 13.19 million Rials in a year, respectively, which is equal to economic gains of not converting each hectare of rangelands in a year. Consequntly, in order to manage the lands holistically, based on principles of sustainable development, it is proposed to maintain rangelands.}, Keywords = {Land use change, Infiltration, Erosion, Holistic management, Replacement cost approach.}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {27-41}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.6.2.27}, url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-861-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-861-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology}, issn = {2476-3128}, eissn = {2476-3217}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Madadizadeh, M. and Kambouzia, J. and Soufizadeh, S.}, title = {Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Thermal Time Requirements of Different Soil Fertility in the Arid Climate of Kerman}, abstract ={In order to evaluate phenologic and thermal time response of three maize hybrids (KSC 704, Maxima and TWC 604) in different rates of nitrogen (0, 92, 220 and 368 kg ha-1), a two-year experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of treatments and three replications in 2014 and 2015. Results showed that nitrogen and genotype had a significant effect (p<0.01) on leaf appearance rate, phenology and grain yield of maize hybrids. In both years, nitrogen stress postponed the tasseling, silking and physiological maturity occurrence in hybrids and increased their thermal time requirements, but this effect was more severe in the second year. The thermal time required for all of the phenological stages of hybrids showed significant increase only in control treatment, compared with other N rates and there was no significant difference among other N rates from this viewpoint. Significant yield benefits of KSC 704 and Maxima compared to TWC 604 was observed. Among the studied hybrids, Maxima is recommended due to the shorter growing season duration, lower thermal time requirement and faster germination rate under N stress}, Keywords = {Phenology, Maize, Growing degree days (GDD), Nitrogen.}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {43-53}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.6.2.43}, url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-862-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-862-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology}, issn = {2476-3128}, eissn = {2476-3217}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {EbrahimiDastgerdi, H. and Ebrahimi, E. and Fakheran, S.}, title = {Impacts of Zayandehroud Dam on the Macro-benthic Invertebrate and Water Quality of Zayandehroud River using BMWP and ASPT Biological Indices}, abstract ={Dams provide benefits for human societies, but now they are considered as one of the most important factors influencing habitat degradation and changing the hydrological water flow. In order to study the ecological effects of Zayandehroud Dam on the benthic communities and water quality of Zayandehroud river, six sampling stations were selected on the river substrate using biological indicators such as BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party) and ASPT(Average Score Per Taxa). Then, a quantitative survey of the macro- benthic invertebrates fauna was conducted with 3 replications at each station, from July to June 2014 with a 45- day interval period. The identified macro-benthic invertebrates belonged to 31 families, 16 orders and 7 classes. The results of BMWP index showed significant differences among sampling stations (p<0.001), and significant difference between seasons in all stations except Overgan station (p<0.05). ASPT index also revealed significant differences among the stations (p<0.01). In addition, the results of Shannon diversity index indicated that Zayanderoud Dam construction, has changed diversity and composition of downstream benthic communities due to alterations in the depth and speed of the water flow, as well as substrate structure.}, Keywords = {Zayandehroud Dam, Biological indicators, BMWP, ASPT, Shannon diversity index.}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {55-67}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.6.2.55}, url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-863-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-863-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology}, issn = {2476-3128}, eissn = {2476-3217}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Madadi, H. and Moradi, H. and Soffianian, A. R. and SalmanMahiny, A.}, title = {The Application of Traffic Noise Modeling to Define Road Ecological Effect Zone in Natural Habitats of Lorestan Province}, abstract ={Noise pollution of roads can propagate within a broader extent than the road only. This spatial space is called "road ecological effect zone" which is known as the natural areas exposed by 40 dB or greater noise level in both sides of the road. In this study, using Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CRTN) model, the propagation range of noise from Lorestan road network was simulated. Then, the natural habitats of oak forests, scattered woodlands, and grassland affected by the zone were analyzed. The results showed that the road ecological effect zone is between 50 to 2000 meter based on 40 dB noise level. Besides, the habitats within Khorramabad, Poldokhtar, and Karkheh watersheds are receiving the most effects from the road networks. In addition, in the studied area, 6.2% of oak forests, 8.4% of scattered woodlands, and 12.1% of grasslands are within the road ecological effect zone. Moreover, 7.4% of the protected areas in Lorestan province are under effects of road traffic noise, where Chahaeshakh no-hunting zone with 42.6%, Poldokhtar wetlands with 28.6%, and Azna-Doroud wildlife refuge with 13% effect are the most affected areas.}, Keywords = {Road network, Noise impact zone, CRTN, Protected areas, Lorestan.}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {69-82}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.6.2.69}, url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-864-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-864-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology}, issn = {2476-3128}, eissn = {2476-3217}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Feyzi, M. T. and Shirani, K.}, title = {Preparing Botanic Formation Map based on Ecological-botanic Studies (Case Study: Isfahan Province)}, abstract ={Vegetation map is an association of plant species or communities that exist in a realm, and its preparation can give a clear picture of plant types or communities on the ground. For this purpose, three new maps were produced for Isfahan province: plant communities’ map, vegetation map revised based on Henry Pabo’ classification and botanic fomation map. These maps were prepared by field data collection, and on the basis of revised ecological regions map, climate, soil type, dominant plant species, and vegetative forms. In third map, Isfahan province was divided to fourteen botanic formations. Besides having the advantages of other maps, this map provides access to plant information in similar and neighbor regions, informs on species available at the same area, enables access to information on similar areas, generalizes similar information to each other, avoides duplication of studies, and reduces the cost and saves time. The mentioned method (new maps) can replace the previous methods and be used in other fields of basic research.}, Keywords = {Vegetation map, Climate, Ecological regions, Botanic formations. Isfahan province.}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {83-97}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijae.6.2.83}, url = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-865-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-865-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology}, issn = {2476-3128}, eissn = {2476-3217}, year = {2017} }