Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology
بوم شناسي كاربردي
Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology
Agriculture
http://ijae.iut.ac.ir
1
admin
2476-3128
2476-3217
doi
fa
jalali
1394
9
1
gregorian
2015
12
1
4
14
online
1
fulltext
fa
مدلسازی و تهیه نقشه خطر وقوع آتشسوزی جنگل با استفاده از سنجش از دور و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه حفاظت شده باغ شادی یزد)
Modeling and Risk Mapping of Forest Fires using Remote Sensing and GIS (Case Study: Baghe-Shadi Protected Area, Yazd Province)
عمومى
General
پژوهشي
Research
<p><a name="OLE_LINK22"></a><a name="OLE_LINK21"><strong>باغشادی</strong></a> <strong>یکی</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>مناطق</strong> <strong>جنگلی</strong> <strong>استان</strong> <strong>یزد</strong> <strong>بوده</strong> <strong>که</strong> <strong>بیشترین</strong> <strong>آمار</strong> <strong>آتشسوزیهای</strong> <strong>استان</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>آن</strong> <strong>رخ</strong> <strong>داده</strong> <strong>است. هدف</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>این</strong> <strong>مطالعه</strong> <strong>مدلسازی</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>تهیه</strong> <strong>نقشه</strong> <strong>پهنهبندی</strong> <strong>خطر</strong> <strong>آتشسوزی</strong> <strong>بهکمک</strong> <strong>سامانه</strong> <strong>اطلاعات</strong> <strong>جغرافیایی</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>سنجش</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>دور</strong> <strong>است. در</strong> <strong>این</strong> <strong>مطالعه</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>روش</strong> <strong>تحلیل</strong> <strong>سلسله</strong> <strong>مراتبی</strong> <strong>(</strong><strong><span dir="ltr">AHP</span></strong><strong>) استفاده</strong> <strong>شد</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>معیارهایی</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>قبیل</strong> <strong>فیزیوگرافی</strong> <strong>شامل</strong> <strong>سه</strong> <strong>زیرمعیار</strong> <strong>ارتفاع،</strong> <strong>شیب</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>جهت</strong> <strong>شیب،</strong> <strong>اقلیم</strong> <strong>شامل</strong> <strong>دو</strong> <strong>زیرمعیار</strong> <strong>دما</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>بارش،</strong> <strong>عوامل انسانی</strong> <strong>شامل</strong> <strong>دو</strong> <strong>زیرمعیار</strong> <strong>فاصله</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>جاده</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>فاصله</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>مناطق</strong> <strong>مسکونی</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>معیار گیاهی</strong> <strong>شامل</strong> <strong>زیرمعیار</strong> <strong>تراکم پوشش</strong> <strong>بود. میزان</strong> <strong>تراکم پوشش</strong> <strong>منطقه با</strong> <strong>استفاده</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>شاخص</strong> <strong>گیاهی</strong> <strong>نرمال</strong> <strong>شده</strong> <strong>(</strong><strong><span dir="ltr">NDVI</span></strong><strong>)</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>تصاویرسنجنده</strong><strong><span dir="ltr"> OLI </span></strong><strong>ماهوارهای</strong> <strong>لندست</strong> <strong>8</strong> <strong>بهدست</strong> <strong>آمد. برای</strong> <strong>وزندهی</strong> <strong>عوامل</strong> <strong>انتخابی</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>تعدادی</strong> <strong>آتشسوزیهای</strong> <strong>به</strong> <strong>وقوع</strong> <strong>پیوسته</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>پرسشنامههای</strong> <strong>تکمیل</strong> <strong>شده</strong> <strong>توسط</strong> <strong>متخصصین</strong> <strong>استفاده</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>وزن</strong> <strong>هر</strong> <strong>یک</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>عوامل</strong> <strong>ارتفاع،</strong> <strong>شیب</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>جهت</strong> <strong>شیب،</strong> <strong>دما،</strong> <strong>بارش،</strong> <strong>فاصله</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>جاده،</strong> <strong>فاصله</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>مناطق</strong> <strong>مسکونی</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>تراکم</strong> <strong>پوشش</strong> <strong>گیاهی</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>طریق</strong> <strong>مدل</strong> <strong>تصمیمگیری</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>معیارهای</strong> <strong>چندگانه</strong> <strong>بهدست</strong> <strong>آمد</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>سپس</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>تلفیق</strong> <strong>وزن</strong> <strong>عوامل</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>محیط</strong> <strong>سیستم</strong> <strong>اطلاعات</strong> <strong>جغرافیایی،</strong> <strong>نقشه</strong> <strong>خطر</strong> <strong>وقوع</strong> <strong>آتشسوزی</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>پنج</strong> <strong>طبقه</strong> <strong>تهیه</strong> <strong>شد. نتایج</strong> <strong>نشان</strong> <strong>داد</strong> <strong>که</strong> <strong>مهمترین</strong> <strong>عوامل</strong> <strong>مؤثر</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>وقوع</strong> <strong>آتشسوزی</strong> <strong>بهترتیب</strong> <strong>معیار</strong> <strong>گیاهی</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>وزن</strong> <strong>569/0</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>سپس</strong> <strong>انسانی</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>وزن</strong> <strong>204/0</strong> <strong>بود. برای</strong> <strong>صحتسنجی</strong> <strong>مدل</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>تطابق</strong> <strong>نقشه</strong> <strong>ساختهشده</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>پهنههای</strong> <strong>آتشگرفته</strong> <strong>گذشته</strong> <strong>استفاده</strong> <strong>شد</strong> <strong>که</strong> <strong>طبقات</strong> <strong>پرخطر</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>خطرناک</strong> <strong>همپوشانی</strong> <strong>بالایی</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>نقاط</strong> <strong>آتشگرفته</strong> <strong>گذشته</strong> <strong>داشت. همچنین</strong> <strong>تست</strong> <strong>مدل</strong> <strong>توسط</strong> <strong>منحنی</strong> <strong>مشخصه</strong> <strong>عملکرد</strong> <strong>سیستم</strong><strong><span dir="ltr"> ROC </span></strong><strong>نشان</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>دقت</strong> <strong>بالای</strong> <strong>مدل</strong> <strong>تولیدی(88/0) داشت.</strong></p>
<p>Baghe-shadi in Yazd province is one the forests which is reported to be an area with high rate fire occurrence. The aim of this study was to model and map the fire risk area using geographic information system and remote sensing. In this study Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with human related factors (distance from road, distance from settlements, and distance from vegetation), climatic related factors (air temperature and rainfall), and physiographic related factors (elevation, slope, aspect) were selected. Vegetation cover was estimated using Landsat OLI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Weights were determined from specialists through questionnaire. Weight of each factor, elevation, slope and aspect, temperature, precipitation, distance from roads, distance from settlements and vegetation cover was achieved through multiple criteria decision making model, then areas with five susceptible classes were determined using GIS. Results showed that vegetation related factor and human related factor with weights of 0.569 and 0.204 are the most important factors respectively. In order to assess the accuracy of developed model, fire susceptibility map of was compared with the previously fired area. Result of comparison showed very high and high risk areas are corresponding to the controls area. Receiver operating charasteristic (ROC) test confirmed the high level (0.88) of accuracy of presented model.</p>
تحلیل سلسله مراتبی, خطر وقوع آتشسوزی, سنجش از دور, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی
Analytical Hierarchy Process, Forest Fire Risk, Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing.
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http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-99&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
A.
Najafi
احمد
نجفی
ahmad.najafi@yahoo.com