One of the ways to reduce the improper utilization on natural ecosystems is the economic valuation of ecosystem services and payment to the service providers in exchange, to reduce the causes of degradation. This approach is known as“Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES). In this research, the strategic factor analysis approach was employed to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) in rangelands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Using a questionnaire and Delphi method, through a survey of 75 experts, the factors were identified. Weighted factors and priority of each factor were determined through multi-criteria entropy decision making method. Results showed that the most important strength is “reduction of grazing intensity by the implementation of PES” with a score of 0.149, the most important weakness is “the lack of monitoring and inspection of grazing capacity with a score of 0.165, the most important opportunity is “improving non-market services of rangeland ecosystem” with a score of 0.145 and the most important threat is “giving preference to the market functions over non-market functions by policymakers” with the score of 0.174. The payment scheme can be a complementary option to reduce grazing intensity if rangers voluntarily reduce their livestock.