per
Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology
2476-3128
2476-3217
2020-01
8
4
1
18
article
Detecting and Modelling the Trend of Change in the Forest Land Use in Garasu Watershed Area Using Landscape Metrics
M. H. Mokhtari
mh.mokhtari@yazd.ac.ir
1
S. Abedian
Sahar.abedian1985@gmail.com
2
M. Gholipoor
mostafagholipour@gmail.com
3
Yazd University
Kerman Payam-e-noor University
Gorgan University
Detecting, predicting and quantifying the trends of landscape pattern change in the forests of Gharasu watershed area are necessary so as to assess the crises or prevent them. To this aim, the land use maps belonging to the years 1987, 2002 and 2018 were classified through the maximum likelihood method, and the forest area changes were estimated. Then, through the Geomod model and the forest change probability map derived from the multi-criteria evaluation method, a forestland map was generated for the year 2041. Moreover, the quantitative characteristics and the spatial distribution of the forested area were evaluated using ten landscape metrics. The results revealed that 2632 hectares had been deforested over the last 31 years; also, it is predicted that 2084.7 more hectares of the forests will be reduced until 2041. The analysis of the landscape metrics also showed that the forest landscape had become more limited and fragmented, as well as becoming less regular and integrated. Through the landscape analysis approach, six of the ten metrics used in this study proved to have a regular trend of change. They include class area, number of patches, patch density, patch area mean, limiting circle and pore size. Thus, it can be concluded that Geomod is a quite successful model in predicting the forest areas for the year 2041.
http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-964-en.pdf
Landscape metrics
Geomod
forested area
Land use change detection
per
Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology
2476-3128
2476-3217
2020-01
8
4
19
34
article
Assessment and Comparison of Landscape Connectivity in KoozehTopraghi Watershed, Ardabil Province
N. Alaei
nazila.alaie96@gmail.com
1
R. Mostafazadeh
raoofmostafazadeh@uma.ac.ir
2
A. Esmaliouri
esmaliouri@uma.ac.ir
3
M. Sharari
m_sharari@uma.ac.ir
4
Z. Hazbavi
hazbavi.zeinab@gmail.com
5
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliUniversity of Mohaghegh Ardabili
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Following the unbalanced development and overexploitation of the country's watersheds, land fragmentation has become a major concern for the conservation of ecosystem services and land health. For this purpose, the present study was planned to evaluate and compare the landscape connectivity indices of KoozehTopraghi Watershed as one of the ecologically susceptible watersheds located in Ardabil Province. To this end, the landscape connectivity was investigated according to both structural and functional viewpoints, based on the green patches (rangelands and orchard) distributed at 36 sub-watershed areas. The mentioned indices were first calculated using the Fragstats Software and graph theory at each sub-watershed; then, they were standardized according to interval standardization between zero and one in order to consider the scale effect and draw a comparison in the same variation range. Therefore, the landscape connectivity was calculated, classified and mapped for each studied sub-watershed and the whole watershed. Structural connectivity results showed the high level of landscape connectivity between green patches in all studied sub-watersheds. In addition, the results showed that the landscape connectivity was obtained with the mean and standard deviation of 0.50 ± 0.52, being varied from 0.50 to 0.97. The results also proved that out of the 36 sub-watersheds located in the KoozehTopraghi, only 15 sub-watersheds had natural lands (orchard and rangelands). Also, the sub-watershed 27, with the highest value of landscape connectivity (0.97), had the highest priority.
http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-959-en.pdf
Landscape connectivity
Graph theory
Land use change
Spatial variations
Fragmentation
Green patches
per
Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology
2476-3128
2476-3217
2020-01
8
4
35
51
article
Distribution Modeling of Foraging Habitats for Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus) in Kermanshah Province, Iran
M. R. Ashrafzadeh
mrashrafzadeh@sku.ac.ir
1
A. A. Naghipour
aa.naghipour@sku.ac.ir
2
H. Khoshnamvand
hadikhoshnam2@gmail.com
3
M. Haidarian
ma_haidarian@yahoo.com
4
S. Esmaeili
esmaeilisiamak@gmail.com
5
Shahrekord University
Shahrekord University
Isfahan University of Technology
Sari Agricult. Sci. and Natur. Resour. Univ.
Kermanshah Provincial Office of Dept. of Environ
The Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus, as a globally endangered species, is significantly affected by conflicts with human, leading to the decline of this species population. Availability of food resources is known as one of the most important factors affecting the distribution of the Egyptian vulture. In this study, we employed an ensemble modelling approach to predict the suitability of the foraging habitat for the Egyptian vulture based on seven distribution modelling algorithms. According to our results, suitable foraging habitats for this bird accounted for about 4.19% (1021.40 km2) of the study area, of which only approximately 31.92% (326 km2) was covered by the conservation areas. Livestock density (31.82%), the presence of wild ungulates (15.36%), distance to dump sites (14.77%), landcover (12.46%) and elevation (11.85%) made the highest contribution to the ensemble model of this species. Our results indicated that Egyptian vultures mainly rely on dump sites, nomadic areas and livestock farming sites, thereby reflecting the vulture's tendency to livestock carcasses. Thus, it is important to develop effective strategies for proper monitoring and managing human activities in these areas.
http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-991-en.pdf
Egyptian vulture
Foraging habitats
Dump sites
Nomadic areas
Livestock farming
per
Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology
2476-3128
2476-3217
2020-01
8
4
53
66
article
Land Use Monitoring using Satellite Imagery and Its Relationship with Drought in the Doiraj Watershed of Eilam Province
F Baloei
fateme.baloi1@gmail.com
1
P. Mohit Isfahani
p.mohit@na.iut.ac.ir
2
S. Soltani Kopaei
ssoltani@cc.iut.ac.ir
3
Isfahan University of Technology
Isfahan University of Technology
Isfahan University of Technology
Today, there are many factors affecting watersheds, consequently changing natural ecosystems succession. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of drought events on land use changes at Doiraj Watershed of Ilam Province from 1996 to 2015. For this purpose, Landsat satellite images were used for land use change monitoring and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied for drought characterization. The results showed that during the two last decades, the forest and rangeland have been continuously destroyed. However, in the first period (1996-2006), land use changes and land degradation have been more intensive than the second period (2006-2015). Generally, in the past twenty years, about a quarter of the forest land and more than half of the rangeland had been destroyed or changed to become other land uses. Drought monitoring results also showed an extremely wet condition in 1996 and normal and near normal conditions for 2006 and 2015. Therefore, we can conclude that in the first period, in addition to human activities, changes in drought condition as a climatic factor could affected land use change and land degradation.
http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-967-en.pdf
Drought
Land use
Landsat
per
Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology
2476-3128
2476-3217
2020-01
8
4
67
81
article
Landscape Planning for Conservation, Based on the InVEST Model of Habitat Quality and Ecological Impact Assessment of Road Network in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province
Sh. Nematollahi
shekoofenematallahy@yahoo.com
1
S. Fakheran
fakheran@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
A. Jafari
jafari.ali@sku.ac.ir
3
T. Raeisi
toorajraeisi20@gmail.com
4
S. Pourmanafi5
spourmanafi@cc.iut.ac.ir
5
Isfahan University of technology
Isfahan University of technology
Shahrekord University
Isfahan University of technology
Isfahan University of technology
One of the primary goals of conservation portfolio selection approaches is to create a functional landscape or network of sites that can support all elements of biodiversity and minimize the environmental risk to critical habitats and species. As human activities, especially roads network development, can be regarded as one of the most important risk elements for the valuable habitats and species of the Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province, it is necessary to evaluate the habitat’s condition and ecosystem services for the purpose of conservation planning, as well as minimizing the negative impacts of the roads network on the ecosystem services and habitats. So, for this purpose, first, the habitat quality of Capra aegagrus was modeled using the InVEST module (Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoff). Then, the ecological impacts of roads network were assessed using the spatial landscape index. Finally, the degree of the protected areas was determined and some mitigation measures were introduced. The results of this study revealed that approximately 45 percent of Ch & B Province, including Tang-e-Syyad national park and and the Sabzkouh protected area, could be considered as the suitable habitats for the Wild goat. However, about 28 percent of this province is negatively affected by roads network, thereby highlighting the importance of identifying the priority areas for conservation and mitigation measures.
http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-978-en.pdf
Ecosystem services
Habitat quality
InVEST
Ecological impact assessment
Roads network
per
Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology
2476-3128
2476-3217
2020-01
8
4
83
93
article
The Study of the Interaction Effect of Amendment Materials and Different Irrigation Treatments on Some Growth Parameters
of Melia azedarach L.
Z. Ahamdi
z.ahmadi5599@gmail.com
1
H. Matinkhah
matinkhah@cc.iut.ir
2
Z. Jafari
zahra.jafari1@na.iut.ac.ir
3
Isfahan University of Technology
Isfahan University of Technology
Isfahan University of Technology
Since the amount of water in the arid and desert regions is limited, the existing water resources utilization methods as well as irrigation methods in these areas are different from other areas. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split plot in a completely randomized design with three replications in the Isfahan University of Technology. In this experiment, the amount of irrigation (5 and 10 liters) as the main factor, irrigation method (surface and subsurface irrigation) as the sub-factor, soil amendment (fertilizer 75% and 15% (control) and zeolite 25% and 15%) as the sub-sub factors, and plant height, basal area, relative chlorophyll index and stomata conductance of Melia azedarach as dependent variables were considered. The results showed that the highest height was obtained in 5 liters of subsurface irrigation with 25% zeolite, which was significantly different from the other treatment compounds (P<0.05). A 5-liter surface irrigation treatment with 25% zeolite could be recommended to achieve the maximum stomatal conductance (P<0.05). The 5-liter subsurface irrigation treatments with 15% zeolite and 15% fertilizer had the highest relative chlorophyll content, respectively. Therefore, it could be inferred that using zeolite provided the sufficient and continuous moisture for the plant, resulting in improved plant growth traits.
http://ijae.iut.ac.ir/article-1-950-en.pdf
Irrigation
Zeolite
Fertilizer
Water management
Arid regions